Research, Development and Applications of Novel Ecological Engineering Materials

在保障供水與輸水安全的前提之下，發展具有生態性之農田水路工程是目前農業建設中相當受到重視的一環。根據文獻上的記載，有關農田水路生態工程之研究目前主要著重在水道型式的施工設計與後續對當地生態影響的調查，然而對於生態材料開發這部分之探討卻較為稀少。事實上，開發出高效益之生態工程材料對於改善現有農田水路渠道工程以達到生態多樣化之潛在目的具有非常重要的角色。本研究以多孔性混凝土為基本素材，再加入不同的添加劑來改善混凝土的性質，研發出新穎性農田水路生態材料。多孔性混凝土是由粗骨料顆粒間透過硬化的薄層水泥漿相互凝结而成的多孔洞聚集架構，具有良好的透水性。而多孔性結構亦可有利於植物根部穿透與糾結，可作為提供植物附著生長的有利環境。而添加劑中的牡蠣殼粉與矽藻土，可有效減少混凝土中水泥的用量，達到節能減碳與廢棄物資源化的目的。此外添加強力的吸水性添加劑聚丙烯酸鈉，可達到涵養水源的功用。在完成多孔性生態混凝土配方調配後，我們將混凝土倒入模具中製備成預鑄模板塊，並進行生態塊的物理性質測試與生物相容性測試，並實地投入農田渠道中來評估其生態材料製成產品功能之可行性。本研究所開發出之預鑄生態模板塊可用於現有台灣之農田水路，具有生態性、便利性與經濟性。The development of irrigation installation in paddy field combined with the improvement of ecology is one of the important elements of agricultural water technology. On the basis of the previous literatures, significant works have been performed on designing agricultural waterway sand investigating ecology stability for demonstrating place. In spite of the importance of the modern irrigation engineering in the agricultural waterways, less attention has been paid to the materials of the construction process. In fact, the development of high functional nature materials is also greatly required for the purpose on improving potential functionality of irrigation installation in paddy field. In our study, a novel ecological material was fabricated by using intrinsic porosity concrete as basic element. The porosity of the ecological concrete is expected to enhance plant growth and water recharge. Several additives such as oyster-shell powders or diatomites are added into the porosity concrete to promote the benefit functions of the ecological material. The use of these additives would solve environmental problem in the disposal of the waste, and deal with the problem of insufficient natural material while implementing the natural works in irrigation engineering. Additionally, poly (acrylic acid) polymers are also use for humectants due to their excellent water absorption. After the molding process of manufacturing the concrete blends pre-cast slabs, we will study the physical properties of the new ecological building boards, and estimated their usability in agricultural waterways. The novel materials have benefits of the ecological property, construction convenience, and economic effect