Controversial Issues in Water Consumption Risk Governance: A Case Study of the Fourth Stage of Central Taiwan's Erlin Science Park Development Project

近幾年來我國開發爭議事件不斷，中科四期二林園區的開發亦屬其中之一，從一開始的相思寮土地徵收爭議以及放流水汙染等問題，已讓農民朋友以及環保團體多次在街頭等地表達不滿，然而，隨即卻又浮現出農業與工業用水計畫爭議問題，農民抗爭一波未平一波又起。其根本的問題在於雖然社會不斷的進步，然而國家在面對產業發展所可能衍生的爭議其風險治理方式仍停留在舊社會的思維中，本研究藉由中科四期二林園區用水計畫爭議事件，來檢討過去國家威權式的科技決策模式及其所導致遲滯隱匿型的風險社會，儘管中科四期用水計畫所衍生的爭議，只是二林園區開發爭議事件的其中之一，然而，藉由此爭議我們可以發現我國在科技決策模式的過程中缺乏風險溝通的步驟，不論是當初政策制定並無做好風險溝通，或是環境影響評估時對於相關工程施作並無清楚的說明，抑或是實際施作後引起當地居民的抗議，相關單位都不重視，也缺乏認真溝通，才會引起一連串爭議。因此，藉由中科四期二林園區用水計畫探討風險溝通在科技決策中的重要性，期望能對於現行環境治理政策有所省思，幫助政府在政策制定上能發展出一套藉風險溝通貫穿整體的治理方法，如此，對於風險不但能更加全面的掌控，而且在公民參與上亦能更加落實。此外，在全球氣候變遷劇烈的影響之下，極端氣候頻繁出現，環境負載能力隨之降低，已然不適用這種舊有的風險治理模式，而是應該採用新興的風險治理模式，即由風險溝通作為風險治理的核心，一改前述威權式的決策模式以及避免遲滯隱匿型風險社會再延續，如此一來對於整體社會環境、政府政策以及人民生活都能達到提升作用。Recently, developmental disputes have continued for years in Taiwan, and the Fourth Stage of Central Taiwan-Erlin Science Park Development Project is one of them. From the beginning, the Siangsihliao Land Expropriation issue and the effluent pollution problem have already caused many farmers and environmentalists went onto streets to express their angry; however, the dispute on agricultural and industrial water consumption plan went on immediately. So many farmer protests have been happening, and so many there will be. The essential problem is that even the society moves progressively but the risk governance of nation, when facing debates derived from industrial development, still remain the same as in old society. This study, by the dispute on the Water Consumption Plan of the Fourth Stage of Central Taiwan-Erlin Science Park, will examine the authoritative decision-making on science and technology and its delaying and hiding risk society result. Although the issue deriving from the Water Consumption Plan of the Fourth Stage of Central Taiwan-Erlin Science Park is just part of the disputes of Central Taiwan-Erlin Science Park Development Project, we could discover that our government lacks of steps of risk communication in decision-making process on science and technology; no matter the risk communication in policy making processes, the explanation to related engineering in environmental impact assessment or the residential remonstrance caused by engineering practice, the related government departments do not pay attention to any of them and communicate seriously, which gives rise to many debates. Therefore, by examining the importance of risk communication on science and technology decision-making through the Water Consumption Plan of the Fourth Stage of Central Taiwan-Erlin Science Park, we hope this will offer some reflections on existing environmental governed policies, and help the government to develop a set of governance on policy making which is ran through by risk communication. Hence, the government could control risks more broadly and the civil participation could be more practical and workable. In addition, under the dramatic impact of global climate change, extreme climates emerge frequently and carrying capacity decreases. It is not applicable for the old mode of risk governance but needs a new one that risk communication is the core of risk governance in which changes the authoritative decision-making mode and avoids the delaying and hiding risk society continued. In this way, it should raise the whole societal environment, government policies and public life to a higher level