FDI、Overseas Production and Industrial Upgrading : the Comparison between Traditional Industry and Hi-Tech Industry in Taiwan

本文以台灣製造業為研究對象，利用行政院主計處抽樣調查資料，探討製造業廠商在2001年對外投資與海外生產，對其在2006年生產力成長率及創新成長率的影響。此外，並進一步將製造業分成傳統產業與高科技產業，比較兩種產業廠商進行對外投資與海外生產後的差異。 實證研究中，本文利用Propensity Score Matching Method (PSM)計量方法代替endogenous switching regression model進行分析對外投資與海外生產對其生產力成長率與創新成長率的影響，而PSM的配對方法分別使用Nearest Neighbor Matching、Kernel Matching和Caliper Matching三種，希望得出比較嚴謹的結果。 本文實證結果發現，製造業廠商進行對外投資對其生產力成長率與創新成長率皆是正面影響；然而，製造業廠商進行海外生產對其創新成長率有顯著的負面影響，而對生產力成長率的影響不顯著；因此製造業廠商進行對外投資的確可以幫助產業提升生產力成長率與創新成長率，但是進行海外生產則不然。 對高科技產業而言，進行對外投資可以提升廠商的生產力成長率，但是對創新成長率的貢獻卻不顯著；而高科技產業廠商進行海外生產對其生產力成長率與創新成長率皆沒有顯著的影響；因此高科技產業廠商進行對外投資的確可以提升生產力成長率。 對傳統產業而言，對外投資對廠商的生產力成長率與創新成長率皆沒有顯著影響；而進行海外生產則對廠商的生產力與創新成長皆是負面影響。因此傳統產業沒有進行海外生產的廠商生產力成長率與創新成長率皆比較高。 因此，實證結果顯示，製造業、高科技產業與傳統產業進行對外投資對其生產力成長率與創新成長率的貢獻，會比進行海外生產對其生產力成長率與創新成長率所帶來的貢獻還大；而且高科技產業會比傳統產業在進行對外投資後，對其生產力成長率與創新成長率的影響更為重要。In this paper,we use a questionnaire survey of sample data collected by DGBAS to explore the impact of foreign investment and overseas production on the industrial upgrading including productivity growth rate and innovation growth rate between 2001 and 2006. In addition,we further divided firms into traditional industries and high-tech manufacturing industries,and compare the different effects of engaging in foreign investment and overseas production between two industrial firms. In the empirical study,we use Propensity Score Matching Method (PSM) instead of endogenous switching regression model to analyze foreign investment and overseas production on the effects of productivity growth rate and innovation growth rate. We select Nearest Neighbor Matching, Kernel Matching and Caliper Matching method to do PSM matching.We hope to obtain a more precise result. The empirical results show that manufacturing firms engage in foreign investment and overseas production can enhance its innovation and productivity growth rate , so manufacturers can indeed promote the productivity growth rate and innovation growth rate by engaging in foreign investment and overseas production. For the high-tech industry, the conduct of foreign investment can enhance the productivity growth, but not innovation growth rate.However, firms can not improve productivity growth and innovation growth by engaging in overseas production. In terms of traditional industries,it can not promote the productivity growth by engaging in foreign investment, while there are negative effects on the productivity and innovation growth by engaging in overseas production. Therefore, the empirical results show that it has a greater impact on innovation and productivity growth rate by engaging in foreign investment than engaging in overseas production, and the impact in high-tech industry is more important than traditional industry