Catchment Analyses and Hunting-fishing Landscape of the OLP III／IV Phase Sites

在過去學者對鵝鑾鼻地區考古學文化的研究中，除了透過絕對定年法及陶器類型的分析，將鵝鑾鼻第三／四文化相從具有傳承關係的兩個考古學文化歸為一個連續而漸變的單一文化體系之外，該文化下的諸遺址也因其多樣化的器物功能及恆定的生態環境，被視生計獨立的常年性居住遺址。 但就不考慮地表因素的幾何空間來看，這些遺址彼此的空間關係遠近不一，使其在環境中取得資源的條件可能會受到彼此存在的影響而有所差異，進而影響其生計上的獨立性。而鵝鑾鼻地處熱帶地區的珊瑚礁海岸，該地區多元化的自然環境是否提供了這些遺址具有取得足夠維持生計獨立資源的條件，而這些條件上的差異又是否影響了生業方式的差異，則是本研究所要探討的。 透過GIS對鵝鑾鼻第三／四文化相遺址在陸地和海面上的費由面(cost-surface)所進行的集域分析，以及從遺址向外移動的路徑上的視域分析來看，這些遺址在陸地與海域的移動上都有其內在的一致性，在視域上也各有偏向，因此可就Boaz與Uleberg的架構將其所處的環境劃分為四個獨立的地景空間。但其中兩個地景空間內各自有兩個遺址存在，且彼此的距離小於Higgs與Vita-Finzi所預設漁獵活動的集域範圍，在資源的獲取上似有相互影響的可能性。 在本研究的分析中，兩組地景空間中的遺址，在海域與陸域的自然環境上各自有其優勢，因此可能使其在漁獵活動的對象上有所不同。這樣的差異應該會反映在遺址內的動物遺留上，有待日後更進一步地分析。Through calculation of cost surface, GIS transfers the site catchment analysis from simple geometric circle to irregular range in consideration of different cost of transportation over landscapes. Taking both terrestrial and marine data into consideration, different accessibility of resource within a site catchment can be understood more detail, and archaeologists can create a model of interaction between sites and environment. O-luan-pi III／IV is a Neolithic cultural phase about 2000 to 3000 B.P. in Southern Taiwan. The sites belong to this cultural phase are located in coastal area, and are seen as contemporary subsistence independence all-year residential settlements according to pottery style, artifact functions, and weather environment. However, the geometric distance of these sites are not regular, some sites are closer to each other. The activity catchment of those contemporary sites with closer distance may interrupt each other. According to the location of six sites of O-luan-pi III／IV phase, and through the analysis of cost-surface and viewshed of digital elevation model (DEM) in GIS, I divide the coastal area of O-luan-pi peninsula into four different landscape rooms. Two landscape rooms were separately occupied by each single site, and the other two landscape rooms have two sites within them. It seems that catchments of those sites sharing the same landscape room may overlap with each other, and it is inevitable that the activities of sites will influence each other on land. However, through the analyses of current and wind data, it appears that those sites sharing the same landscape room have different accessibility to terrestrial and marine environment. These variations may lead those sites maintain their independent site catchments rather than competing resources to each other