Habitual Sleep Duration and Insomnia and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Death: Report from a Community-Based Cohort

Study Objectives: To investigate the relationship between sleep duration and insomnia severity and the risk of all- cause death and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events Design: Prospective cohort study Setting: Community- based Participants: A total of 3,430 adults aged 35 years or older Intervention: None Measurements and Results: During a median 15.9 year ( interquartile range, 13.1 to 16.9) follow- up period, 420 cases developed cardiovascular disease and 901 cases died. A U-shape association between sleep duration and all-cause death was found: the age and gender-adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval [CI]) of all-cause death (with 7 h of daily sleep being considered for the reference group) for individuals reporting = 9 h were 1.15 (0.91-1.45), 1.02 (0.85-1 .25), 1.05 (0 .88-1.27), and 1.43 (1.16-1.75); P for trend, 0.019. However , the relationship between sleep duration and risk of CVD were linear. The multivariate-adjusted relative risk (95% CI ) for all-cause death ( using individuals without insomnia) were 1.02 (0.86-1.20) for occasional insomnia, 1.15 (0.92-1. 42) for frequent insomnia, and 1.70 (1.16-2.49) for nearly everyday insomnia (P for trend, 0.028). The multivariate adjusted relative risk (95% CI) was 2.53 (1.71-3.76) for all -cause death and 2.07 (1.11-3.85) for CVD rate in participants sleeping >= 9 h and for those with frequent insomnia. Conclusions: Sleep duration and insomnia severity were associated with all-cause death and CVD events among ethnic Chinese in Taiwan. Our data indicate that an optimal sleep duration (7-8 h ) predicted fewer deaths