A study on residents' health behaviors in Taiwan: Family-based health intervention in communities

行政院衛生署七十八年度科技研究發展計畫（編號：DOH 78-10）為探討社區健康介入活動影響成人高血壓控制之情形，根據前一年度以臺灣北部地區成人為對象所完成的血壓篩檢資料選出590位血壓偏高者(血壓≧140/90mmHg)，分別編入「身心鬆弛」、「血壓測量」、「函授自學」和「對照」等四個實驗組中。本研究以「村里」為實施分組的分派單位，以「家戶」為實施介入活動的教育單位，於民國七十八年一月至五月期間，分別完成前後測資料之收集與介入活動之進行。 分析492位實際完訪個案的前測資料顯示，血壓偏高者多具有內控傾向之特質，在高血壓治療和日常生活習慣方面做得並不理想，有關高血壓的常識也甚貧乏。實驗結束後，比較四組的資料發現:(1)身心鬆弛訓練有助於收縮壓之降低，而且個案自我評估的緊張度和血壓值之間呈現正相關；(2)個案前往測站量血壓的情形並不踴躍，但仍證實測量次數愈多者，其血壓改變量也愈大。(3)函授自學組個案寄回答案紙的比率雖不高，但它能顯著的提高個案之常識測驗得分及延長睡眠時數，同時證實寄回次數愈多者，其攝鈉頻率之改變量也愈大。這些結果除了提供國內社區衛生教育之實證資料外，並對衛生教育實務，尤其是健康促進工作之推展極具參考價值。In order to investigate the effect of health intervention on adults' high blood pressure control, 590 cases were selected according to their blood perssure levels (≧140/90mmHg) which had been screened last year. Those cases were then randomly assigned to "relaxation", "Blood pressure measurement", "self-learning" or "comparision" group. "Subward" was used as randomization unit while "family" was used as education unit. Pre-test and post test, as well as health activities had been given during January and May, 1989. Results from analyzing 492 cases' pre-test data showed that most of them had attitudes to an internal locus of control; and that they practiced poorly in health behaviors and hypertension treatment. It was also found that those cases' scores in hypertension knowledge test were low. After intervention was implemented, findings from the comparision of four treatment groups include that: (1) Relaxation training is good to decrease cases' diastolic blood pressure. And there is a positive correlation between preceived tension and blood pressure level. (2) Cases of "blood pressure pressure measurement" group showed low compliance in measuring blood pressure at the stations. However, it was proved that the more frequently the cases measured their blood pressure, the greater change of blood pressure was found. (3) Cases of "self-learning" group showed low compliance in mailing test sheets back to the researchers. But, higher knowledge test score and longer sleeping houres were found; besides, the more frequently the cases mailed back, the greater change of sodium intake was resulted. These finding, not only provide experimental evidence in the area of community health education, but also are valuable reference in the area of health education practices, especially the health promotion effort