Glazboterapija u radu s djecom s posebnim potrebama

Glazba je sastavni dio čovjekova života i ima vrlo značajnu ulogu u cjelokupnom razvoju pojedinca. Osim u svrhu zabave i opuštanja može služiti i kao sredstvo komunikacije te se također koristi kao učinkovito terapijsko sredstvo. Glazboterapija je liječenje glazbom, odnosno primjena glazbe i njenih elemenata za postizanje fizičkog, emocionalnog, socijalnog, duhovnog i spoznajnog zdravlja pojedinca. Kod djece s posebnim potrebama upotreba glazbe koristi se za smanjivanje poteškoća te poboljšanje njihovog osobnog rasta i razvoja. Glazboterapija im služi za opuštanje, poticanje samopouzdanja, pozitivno utječe na sve djetetove sposobnosti (- motoričke, kognitivne, spoznajne, kreativne i sl.). Cilj ovog rada je ukazati na svrhu glazboterapije u radu s djecom s posebnim potrebama. Prvi dio objašnjava tko su to djeca s posebnim potrebama te njihova integracija i inkluzija u odgojno-obrazovnu ustanovu. U drugom dijelu objašnjen je pojam glazboterapije i njegovih osam načela koja predstavljaju temelje individualne i grupne terapije. U sklopu glazboterapije postoje različite pasivne i aktivne metoda koje su detaljnije opisane u trećem dijelu rada. Na samom kraju opisani su primjeri glazboterapije za djecu s autizmom, hiperaktivnim poremećajem te poremećajem u ponašanju. Zaključeno je kako je s obzirom na brojne dobrobiti glazbe u djetetovu razvoju, a osobito u razvoju djece s određenim poteškoćama u razvoju, izuzetno važna uloga odgojitelja kao poticatelja i provoditelja glazbenih aktivnosti. U skladu s navedenim dobrobitima glazbe za razvoj djece s posebnim potrebama, potrebna je i dodatna edukacija odgojitelja u ovom području kako bi se i takvoj djeci mogla pružiti mogućnost njihova izraza putem glazbe i tako doprinijelo njihovu razvoju i integraciji u odgojno-obrazovne ustanove.Music is an integral part of a human's life and it has a significant role in the overall development of each individual. Apart from being a fun and relaxing activity, listening to music can serve as a communication tool and it is also used as an effective therapeutic instrument. Music theraphy is treatment by music, an application of music and its elements which are helpful in achieving the physical, emotional, social, spiritual and cognitive health of a human being. In regards to children with special needs, music is used for reducing their difficulties and improving their personal growth. Music theraphy is used for relaxing, bolstering their confidence and it has a positive effect on a child's abilities (motoric, cognitive, creative..) The goal of this thesis is to indicate the purpose of music therapy in working with children with special needs. The first part explains who are the children with special needs and their integration and inclusion in the educational institution. The second part explains the concept of music therapy and its eight principles, which are the basis of individual and group therapy. Within the music therapy there are various passive and active methods that are more described in the third part of this work. At the end are described examples of music therapy for children with autism, hyperactivity disorder and behavioral disorders. It was concluded that, given the numerous benefits of music in child development, especially in the development of children with certain developmental difficulties, the role of the educator as a motivator and a provider of musical activities is extremely important. In accordance with the aforementioned music's benefits for the development of children with special needs, additional education of educators in this area is also needed to enable such children to offer their music expression and thus contribute to their development and integration into educational institutions