The History of Playing Cards and Their Use in Croatian Countries

U velikoj skupini igara koje se odvijaju na "stolu" istaknuto mjesto zauzimaju igre u kojima se koriste igraće karte. To područje nije dosada sistematski istraživano. Tokom istraživanja za ovu radnju pokazalo se da su tu uključene dvije zasebne teme (igraće karte i korištenje tih igraćih karata), koje čine jednu cjelinu. Obije teme podijeljene su na nekoliko grupa (proricanje, hazard, društvene igre, igre za djecu i mladež) prema svrsi i kronologiji javljanja. Posebnu grupu čine igraće karte koje služe kao pomoćno sredstvo u edukaciji. Za istraživanje strukture igraćih karata i pripadajućega snopa poslužila mi je vlastita opremljena kolekcija jedinstvena na ovom području. Uz strukturu igraćih karata i snopova istražene su postojeće teorije o postanku igraćih karata s naglaskom na "egipatsku" teoriju. Ujedno je detaljno istražena proizvodnja igraćih karata u nas od 18. stoljeća do danas. Posebna tema odnosi se na korištenje igraćih karata svih oblika u hrvatskim zemljama. Utjecaj dviju civilizacijskih krugova odrazio se na igraće karte i njihovo korištenje. U mediteranskom području dominantna je uloga Dubrovačke Republike, a u srednjoeuropskom Zagreba. Ta dva utjecaja polako se zbližavaju od vladavine Habsburgovaca na našem području. Budući da se korištenje igraćih karata pretežno odvija u slobodnom vremenu, a naročito u dokolici, istraživanje je prošireno korištenjem dostupnih metoda sociološke obrade, i to sociološke deskripcije, sociološkoga otkrića i sociološkoga objašnjenja.Card playing games occupy a significant segment of a rather large group of „table“ games. It is an area that as of yet has not been a subject to a systematic study. Two separate topics (playing cards and their use) come into focus during the research for this study as part of the same issue in question. Both topics are divided into several groups (cartomancy, gambling, social games, games for children and the young) according to their purpose and the chronology of their appearance. A separate group from playing cards used as auxiliary tools in education. For the purpose of researching the structure of playing cards and the associated decks I used my own extensive and quite unique collection. Beside researching the structure of playing cards and decks, the existing theories on the genesis of playing cards, with regard to the „Egyptian theory“, were aslo taken in the view. This included a detailed research of the manufacturing playing cards on the Croatian territory from the 17th century to present day. A separate topic was the use of varius playing cards on the Croatian territory. Two civilization circles clearly reflected on playing cards and their use. The Mediterranean area was dominated by the influenceof the Dubrovnik Republic, while Zagreb dominated the Middle European Parts. The two influences began to merge with the rule of the Habsburg dinasty on our territory. Since playing cards mostly occurs during free time, especially during leisure, I widened the research using the aviable sociological methodology such as: sociological description, sociological discovery and sociological interpretation