Trilateral Governance in International Industrial Cooperation Programs

運用政府國外採購之機會，要求得標外商適當回饋國內機構，對此貿易補償行為，我國稱之為工業合作計畫（Industrial Cooperation Program, ICP）。貿易行為中之關鍵三方：銷售國企業、採購國政府與其企業間，所扮演之角色各有不同。本研究搜集近20年參與工業合作計畫之國內機構資料，以回收175份之問卷，運用SPSS 12與LISREL 8.71等統計分析軟體，發現：、基於對政府政策之瞭解，國內機構即使無法完全掌握外商能力，仍積極參與政府計畫。同時，亦可因此獲得新知，以及與國外企業緊密連結之機會。、國內機構面對不確定性最高的國際合作，在政府協助下，幾乎無需給付事前評估成本。此舉，與有交易就有成本的簡約概念，應屬較為新穎的思維。、在我國首度實證，三邊統制（trilateral governance）之監督者如為政府單位，則政府為確保政策施行成效，所進行之各項交易防衛措施，幾乎可令全部的國內機構滿意合作結果。、在政府積極涉入與強勢輔導下，國內外企業間，若仍發生糾紛，則需政府調處之必要性越高，但調處成效卻非常有限。、在我國首度實證，補償互惠可克服雙方交易時，所面臨之資訊不對稱、道德危機與決策時點不一致等困擾。並使參與工業合作計畫之機構，可有效的將合作成果內化，甚至轉成新知與進行管理流程的精進。此，政府推動之工業合作計畫，的確可大幅降低國內外企業間之交易成本，但若想促成國內外企業間之夥伴關係，則仍有待國內企業更加主動積極的提高與跨國企業之溝通品質，在建立彼此之互信基礎下，才有機會提升本身之競爭力。A trading offset transaction in which a foreign contractor is obliged to feed back the domestic companies in return for its successful business bidding under an overseas government procurement project is known as Industrial Cooperation Program (ICP) in Taiwan.his activity involves three parties, namely, the foreign contractor, the government and the domestic companies. A questionnaire survey was conducted in this study to collect the data of domestic organizations that have been engaged in the ICP over the last 20 years. In total, 175 copies of the questionnaire were returned. According to a statistical analysis of the collected data with the software programs of SPSS 12 and LISREL 8.71, this study has found:. Even if a domestic organization fails to have a full comprehension of the capability of a prospective foreign contractor, it can still engage in the ICP with a deep understanding of the government policy. Meanwhile, the ICP helps domestic organizations increase their knowledge and opportunities to be closely connected with the enterprises abroad. . In the most complicated model of cooperation between local and overseas enterprises, a domestic organization is expected to pay no or little pre-assessment cost with the support of the government. In contrast to a general theory of any transaction entailing costs, this process requires a new way of thinking.. It has been empirically shown first in Taiwan that enterprises can enjoy a satisfactory business partnership if the government which takes every transaction defensive measure to ensure the performance of its policy is acting as a supervisor of the trilateral governance business cooperation. . It is essential for the government to intervene to resolve disputes between a domestic organization and a foreign contractor under the framework of ICP. However, such government intervention generally achieves limited cooperative effectiveness. . It has been empirically confirmed first in Taiwan that offsets can overcome concerns arising from information asymmetry, ethical risks and inconsistent timing of decisions in a transaction. Most organizations that have been engaged in the ICP can have their cooperative results effectively internalized and transformed into their system of operations and management. ccordingly, while domestic enterprises involved in the ICP considerably reduce their costs for business transactions with foreign contractors, they are expected to improve their communicative proficiency in order to consolidate such partnerships. Finally, it is only on the basis of mutual trust can a domestic organization raise its own competitiveness.目 錄文摘要 ......................................................................................................................... i文摘要 ........................................................................................................................ ii 錄 ............................................................................................................................. iv目錄 ........................................................................................................................... vi目錄 .......................................................................................................................... vii一章 緒論 .............................................................................................. 1一節 研究背景與動機....................................................................................... 1二節 研究目的與問題....................................................................................... 5三節 論文結構與研究流程............................................................................. 10四節 研究範圍................................................................................................. 12二章 文獻探討 .................................................................................... 13一節 企業聲譽................................................................................................. 13二節 企業能力................................................................................................. 15三節 政府政策................................................................................................. 16四節 交易成本................................................................................................. 19五節 政府調處................................................................................................. 24六節 吸收效能................................................................................................. 27七節 知識管理效能......................................................................................... 28八節 關係品質................................................................................................. 31九節 夥伴關係................................................................................................. 33三章 工業合作 .................................................................................... 35一節 工業合作的定義..................................................................................... 35二節 工業合作的起源與演進......................................................................... 36三節 全球補償互惠的發展............................................................................. 38四節 我國工業合作執行方式......................................................................... 40五節 工業合作執行成本與分析..................................................................... 43四章 研究架構與假說 ........................................................................ 53一節 研究架構................................................................................................. 53二節 研究假設之建立..................................................................................... 55三節 研究變項定義與問卷設計..................................................................... 67四節 研究樣本................................................................................................. 79五節 資料分析方法與內涵............................................................................. 81五章 實證研究結果 .......................................................................... 88一節 基本資料分析......................................................................................... 88二節 模型的信度與效度................................................................................. 93三節 原始模型解析....................................................................................... 104四節 修正模型解析....................................................................................... 112六章 結論與建議 ............................................................................ 117一節 研究結論............................................................................................... 117二節 理論貢獻............................................................................................... 120三節 研究限制............................................................................................... 125四節 未來研究建議....................................................................................... 126考文獻 ................................................................................................ 130錄 ........................................................................................................ 142錄一 問卷.......................................................................................................... 142錄二 歷年來與三邊統制相關之博碩士論文一覽表...................................... 146錄三 歷年來與工業合作相關之博碩士論文一覽表...................................... 148錄四 工業合作計畫作業要點.......................................................................... 150目錄2-1 交易資產專屬性程度與交易頻次對交易方式之影響............................. 263-1 OFFSET占美國國防武器交易合約之比例（1998~2002）........................ 373-2 各產業進行工業合作之主要成果清單..................................................... 494-1 研究假說彙整表......................................................................................... 654-2 研究變數及其操作性定義......................................................................... 755-1 樣本機構之產業分布統計表..................................................................... 895-2 樣本機構之資產規模統計表..................................................................... 905-3 樣本機構之成立期間統計表..................................................................... 915-4 樣本機構之員工人數統計表..................................................................... 915-5 樣本機構之國際合作經驗統計表............................................................. 925-6 樣本機構之合作對象統計表..................................................................... 935-7 信度指標檢視表......................................................................................... 945-8 外衍潛在變項-企業能力之相關分析........................................................ 955-9 外衍潛在變項-外商聲譽之相關分析........................................................ 965-10 外衍潛在變項-政策支持之相關分析...................................................... 975-11 內衍潛在變項-事前評估成本之相關分析.............................................. 975-12 內衍潛在變項-交易防衛之相關分析...................................................... 985-13 內衍潛在變項-政府調處之相關分析...................................................... 995-14 內衍潛在變項-吸收效能之相關分析.................................................... 1005-15 內衍潛在變項-知識管理效能之相關分析............................................ 1005-16 內衍潛在變項-關係品質之相關分析.................................................... 1015-17 內衍潛在變項-夥伴關係之相關分析.................................................... 1015-18 新舊模型間相關變數之信度比較表..................................................... 1145-19 新舊模型間基本配適度指標比較表..................................................... 1155-20 新舊模型間整體模型配適度指標比較表............................................. 1155-21 原始模型與修正模型在相關假設間之對照表..................................... 116目錄1-1 研究問題之基本結構................................................................................... 61-2 研究流程圖................................................................................................. 112-1 文獻探討之基本結構................................................................................. 133-1 工業合作推動組織及執掌......................................................................... 413-2 工業合作推動項目、乘數及目標............................................................... 433-3 工業合作額度累積圖................................................................................. 454-1 研究架構..................................................................................................... 545-1 研究模型各變數間之關係與顯著性....................................................... 1055-2 交易防衛前各變數間之關係與顯著性................................................... 1055-3 吸收效能前各變數間之關係與顯著性................................................... 1085-4 夥伴關係前各變數間之關係與顯著性................................................... 1115-5 研究模型之示意圖................................................................................... 1125-6 修正模型................................................................................................... 1145-7 修正模型各潛在變項之關係負荷圖....................................................... 1166-1 建議未來研究之模型1............................................................................. 1286-2 建議未來研究之模型2............................................................................. 12