Initial Operation of Purification of Municipal Wastewater by Oyster Shell Contacted Beds

本研究以嘉義縣東石鄉水產養殖所產生的廢棄牡蠣殼作為礫間接觸基質材料，於台北縣二重疏洪道內處理民生污水。提供應用臺灣廢棄牡蠣殼作為礫間接觸處理材料之可行性及其水質淨化之果效。 水質淨化結果顯示，水頭控制牡蠣殼槽之平均單位面積BOD5、懸浮固體、氨態氮、硝酸態氮、氨態氮＋硝酸態氮、總磷、正磷之去除量可以達到13.80、51.75、7.20、0.96、4.53、0.53、0.33 g/day.m2。20℃BOD5一階分解係數為2.40 day-1，證明利用牡蠣殼礫間接觸對民生污水有淨化之效益。管路配水牡犡殼槽對於污水淨化具有較高負荷量。於槽體內部對水體再曝氣可增加並穩定槽體淨化之功效。 槽體操作實驗結果顯示，水頭控制槽體之水力停留係數比值為0.7~0.8時，槽體具有較高淨化果效。管路配水槽體之水力停留係數比值大於1.36時，槽體具有較高淨化果效。故可利用調整入流流量與控制水位達到槽體均勻流流況之最佳水力停留時間。The purpose of this study is to utilize wasted oyster shells from Dong-shih, Chia-yi County as the contacted bed media to purify domestic wastewater on Er Chong drain flooded fields, Taipei County, and to provide the availability of using wasted oyster shells and water purification efficiency. In the results of the head control of overland flow with oyster shells systems, the average of mass removal of BOD5, SS, NH4+-N, NO3--N, NH4+-N+ NO3--N, TP, PO4-P were 13.80, 51.75, 7.20, 0.96, 4.53, 0.53, 0.33 g/day.m2. The BOD5 first-order reaction reducing rate constant in 20℃was 2.40 day-1. Consequently, using oyster shells showed the potential for wastewater purification by contacted bed. The gated distribution pipe of overland flow with oyster shells systems performed efficiently under much more wastewater hydraulic loading rate. Re-aerated treatment was able to increase and stabilize the pollution purification. Through operation processes, the head control of overland flow systems performed efficiency purification until the hydraulic retention time ratio between 0.7~0.8. The gated distribution of overland flow systems performed efficiency purification until the hydraulic retention time ratio higher than 1.36. The treatment systems should be managed the influent and water level to construct uniform flow under the optimal hydraulic retention time.目錄文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ錄 ……………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ目錄 ……………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ目錄………………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ一章 前言.....................................................1二章 文獻回顧.................................................2.1 人工濕地.................................................2.2 地下流人工濕地...........................................2.3 不同流況之地下流人工濕地.................................3.4 使用不同基質之地下流人工濕地.............................3.5 臺灣礫間接觸案例.........................................5.6 牡蠣殼材料介紹...........................................5.7 牡蠣殼對磷之吸附.........................................6.8 應用牡蠣殼作為礫間接觸基質案例...........................6.9 牡蠣殼礫間接觸淨化機制...................................6.10 研究目的.................................................7三章 理論.....................................................9.1 濃度移除率...............................................9.2 質量移除率...............................................9.3 BOD5一階分解係數........................................9.4 單位面積去除量..........................................10.5 Michaelis-Menten Equation.................................11.6 飽和導水係數............................................12.7 理論槽體水力停留時間....................................12.8 槽體水力停留時間........................................14.9 水力停留係數比值........................................15四章 試驗方法................................................16.1 背景資料................................................16.1.1 位置....................................................16.1.2 氣候....................................................17.1.3 水文....................................................17.2 實驗設計................................................18.2.1 模場規格................................................18.2.2 槽體流況與代號..........................................19.2.3 採樣方式................................................20.2.4 檢驗項目與方法..........................................20.3 水樣菌種(原核生物)分析..................................21.3.1 培養基製備..............................................21.3.2 活菌培養與菌落計算......................................21.3.3 細菌純化................................................22.3.4 聚合酶連鎖反應..........................................22.3.5 膠體電泳................................................22.3.6 限制切割片段長度多型性..................................23.4 生物膜厚度與型態........................................23五章 結果與討論..............................................25.1 槽體孔隙率與水位率定....................................25.2 槽體導水係數與入流流量率定..............................27.3 水力停留係數比值與水質淨化果效比較......................29.3.1 水力停留係數比值與各處理單元單位面積BOD5去除量........29.3.2 水力停留係數比值與各處理單元BOD5一階分解係數（20℃）....31.3.3 水力停留係數比值與各處理單元單位面積SS去除量...........32.3.4 水力停留係數比值與各處理單元單位面積氨態氮去除量........33.3.5 水力停留係數比值與各處理單元單位面積硝酸態氮去除量......34.3.6 水力停留係數比值與各處理單元單位面積氨態氮硝酸態氮去除量35.3.7 水力停留係數比值與各處理單元單位面積總磷去除量..........36.3.8 水力停留係數比值與各處理單元單位面積正磷去除量..........36.4 以Michaelis-Menten Equation推估槽體BOD5最大去除量與入流濃度 .......................................................37.5 菌種分析結果............................................39.6 生物膜厚度與型態........................................41.6.1 生物膜厚度..............................................41.6.2 生物膜型態..............................................43六章 結論與建議..............................................44.1 結論...................................................44.2 建議...................................................45考文獻 ........................................................46 錄A 公式代號對照表 .........................................49錄B 原始數據................................................51目錄4-1 實驗場址之位置示意圖..................................... 164-2 礫間處理場址配置示意圖................................... 184-3 二重疏洪道牡蠣殼礫間接觸場址..............................195-1 水頭控制曝氣牡蠣殼槽孔隙率與水深關係......................255-2 水頭控制礫石槽孔隙率與水深關係............................255-3 水頭控制牡蠣殼槽孔隙率與水深關係..........................265-4 管路配水牡蠣殼槽孔隙率與水深關係......................... 265-5 水頭控制曝氣牡蠣殼槽飽和導水係數與入流流量之關係..........275-6 水頭控制礫石槽飽和導水係數與入流流量之關係................275-7 水頭控制牡蠣殼槽飽和導水係數與入流流量之關係..............285-8 管路配水牡蠣殼槽圖飽和導水係數與入流流量之關係............285-9 水頭控制曝氣牡蠣殼槽BOD5入流濃度與單位面積去除量之關係....375-10 水頭控制礫石槽BOD5入流濃度與單位面積去除量之關係..........375-11 水頭控制牡蠣殼槽BOD5入流濃度與單位面積去除量之關係........385-12 管路配水牡犡殼槽BOD5入流濃度與單位面積去除量之關係........38目錄 5-1 各處理單元單位面積BOD5去除量..............................29 5-2 各處理單元BOD5一階分解係數............................... 31 5-3 各處理單元單位面積SS去除量................................32表5-4 各處理單元單位面積氨態氮去除量.............................335-5 各處理單元單位面積硝酸態氮去除量...........................345-6 各處理單元單位面積氨態氮+硝酸態氮之去除量..................355-7 各處理單元單位面積總磷去除量...............................365-8 各處理單元單位面積正磷去除量...............................365-9 各槽體之最大單位面積BOD5去除量與可處理最大BOD5入流濃度..395-10 菌種外部特徵...............................................395-11 菌種基因序列比對結果.......................................405-12 各處理單元生物膜不同時間之厚度.............................415-13 牡蠣殼生物膜型態..........................................4