A Study of Claims for Child Support in Taiwan

有關未成年子女扶養之紛爭往往多見於渠等父母之婚姻關係即將崩解或已崩解或自始無婚姻關係，因而影響未成年子女之保護教養，本文即側重父母間對未成年子女保護教養費用之分擔及未成年子女對父母請求扶養，於實體法及程序法上之相關問題予以探討。以下具體說明各章內容。一章緒論，從未成年子女（或兒童）保護於兒童權利公約之彰顯及憲法上之依據出發，論及未成年子女扶養於現實生活中之處境及於司法救濟中所面臨之困境。二章未成年子女扶養制度之形成與規範，本章在關於未成年子女扶養制度之形成部分，將介紹公的扶助與私的扶養及扶養權義之特質。而於未成年子女規範部份，先探討私的扶養與親權之關係，並論及親權是否包含扶養之爭論，以釐清親權與扶養分離說；另論者針對未成年子女扶養費、未成年子女保護教養費、家庭生活費之區分有不同見解，此亦有說明之必要。繼而先以立法論方式，探討現行法規範目前明文規範之內容；次以解釋論方式，探討我國受日本學說影響，引進法未明文之生活保持義務與生活扶助義務之區分，此扶養義務二分法在我國學說運用之狀況；再以實踐論方式，探討扶養義務二分法在我國實務上運作之現況。三章以實體法面向探討未成年子女扶養費之請求，探討未成年子女扶養費之請求權基礎。四章以程序法面向探討未成年子女扶養費之請求，從程序上當事人適格出發，並論及審理程序之統合處理及扶養裁判之效力。五章現行法之檢討，針對法規範及實務運作予以檢討。六章結論，綜合前述各章之討論，試圖提出修法建議及方向，希冀對維護未成年子女之最佳利益有所助益。Most disputes about claims for child support generally occur at the time that the marriage relationship of parents would be dissolving or had collapsed or even never exist at all , hence influence the condition of parents bringing up and educating their children. This article mainly stress on the related issues in the substantive law and the procedural law about the responsibility of sharing for the necessary expense of children’s living and education, and the minors claim for child support from the parents. Here below are the essentials of each chapter’s context.irst chapter is introduction. Under the Convention on the Rights of Children and the ROC（Taiwan） Constitution, concerns the real situation of maintaining infancy children and the difficulty the minors have to confront during they claim for child support through legal procedure.he second chapter will discuss the formation and the legislation of the child support system .In the part of the formation about the child support system, this chapter will introduce the assisting from public and the support for privation. Additionally, this chapter will introduce the characteristics of the right and the obligation about the support for privation. In the part of the legislation with regard to the child support , this section will examine the relations between parental rights and the child support early, then touch upon the argumentation about the parental rights whether contains the child support to define the statement that parental rights separates with the child support . Furthermore, there are different opinions concerning the child support claimed by the part of the parents, the child support requested by the minorities and the family living expenses, so it is necessary to expound.ubsequently, this section will early investigate the content of the legislation currently in effect about the child support in the mode of legislature. Due to the influence of Japanese theory, domestic law profession recommend the distinction between living support obligation and living assistance obligation. Therefore next examine the application of domestic doctrine about the dichotomy of these obligations in the way of interpretation theory. Last ascertain the operation in the court in the way of Practice.he third chapter discuss the claims for child support in the aspect of substantive law, afterward investigate the foundation about the rights to claim for child support.he fourth chapter examine the claims for child support in the phase of procedural law. This section lead off with the legal capacity to be the litigant in the procedure, then concerns the integrated processing of the procedure for trial and the validity of the judgment for child support.he fifth chapter is the criticism of the legislation currently in effect. Offer review on the statute regarding the child support and analyze the opinion.he sixth chapter is the conclusion.ynthesizing the states above-mentioned in each chapter, this segment attempt to propose the direction about a change in the law.nd hoped this could help to maintain the best interest of the child.誌謝……………………………………………………………………ⅰ文摘要………………………………………………………………ⅱ文摘要………………………………………………………………ⅲ錄……………………………………………………… ……………1 一章 緒論…………………………………………………………..4一節 研究動機及目的…………………………………...…..4二節 研究範圍及方法………………………………………. 7二章 未成年子女扶養制度之形成與規範………………………. 8一節 未成年子女扶養之制度……………………………….8一項 公的扶助與私的扶養…………………………….8二項 扶養權利義務之特質………………………..….10三項 扶養與親權或監護之區分…………………..….13一款 親權之沿革……………………………...…14二款 親權與監護權…………………………...…16三款 親權是否包含扶養……………………...…17四項 未成年子女之保護教養費用、未成年子女扶養費、家庭生活費之區別……………………….. 25二節 現行法中與未成年子女扶養有關之法規範基礎...…27一項 民法親屬編第五章扶養……………………….27二項 民法親屬編第三章父母子女、民法第二章婚姻…………………………………………….....28三項 非訟事件法與民事訴訟法……………………...28四項 家庭暴力防治法、兒童及少年福利法、兒童及少年性交易防制條例…………………………….. 29三節 未成年子女扶養費請求之基本法理……………... 29一項 生活保持義務與生活扶助義務之區分…….......29二項 是否引入扶養義務二分法之爭論…………….. 35三項 引入扶養義務二分法之學說解釋與實務實踐.. 37四節 小結……………………………………………………48三章 以實體法面向探討未成年子女扶養費之請求……………51一節 父母對未成年子女扶養義務之依據………………... 51二節 父母婚姻關係變動是否影響未成年子女扶養費請求之法律依據…………………………………………...…55一項 父母婚姻關係存續中………………………….. 57一款 共同生活時……………………………...…57二款 父母別居時……………………………...…59三款 父母為人工生殖受術……………………...61二項 父母離婚後…………………………………….. 62一款 以父母名義……………………………...…62二款 以子女名義……………………………...…63三項 父母無婚姻關係(非婚生子女)………………… 64一款 未經生父認領…………………………...…65二款 生父、生母嗣後結婚（準正）………...… 65三款 經生父任意認領或撫育………………...…66四款 強制請求生父認領……………………...…69三節 扶養之內部負擔…………………………………….. 69一項 分擔額決定之基準…………………………..… 70二項 子女扶養費之協議………………………..…… 72三項 連帶債務或可分債務………………………….. 78四項 計算依據及給付方式之檢討………………….. 80一款 計算依據………………………………...…80二款 給付方式………………………………...…83四節 小結………………………………………………….. 85四章 以程序法面向探討未成年子女扶養費之請求………….. .87一節 程序主體……………………………………………. .88二節 裁判性質與救濟………………………………………94三節 訴訟與非訟程序二元論………………………………98一款 訴訟事件或非訟事件……………………….…100二款 民法第一○五五條、民事訴訟法第五七二條之ㄧ與非訟事件法第一二七條之關係…………… 108三款 未成年子女扶養請求究否非訟化…………….110四節 扶養裁判之效力……………………………………. 112一款 保全處分………………………………………..112二款 保護令………………………………………….117三款 扶養裁判之生效……………………………….119四款 假執行之宣告………………………………….124五節 小結…………………………………………………..125五章 現行法之檢討……………………………………………..127一節 法規範層面…………………………………………..127一款 實體法…………………………………………. 127二款 程序法………………………………………….135二節 實務層面……………………………………………..138一款 實體法…………………………………………..138二款 程序法………………………………………….140三節 小結…………………………………………………. 142六章 結論………………………………………………………. 143考文獻 ……………………………………………………………14