The Weathering Property of Sandstone at Yehliu

本研究針對野柳景觀區內不同岩性的礦物組成、岩象特徵以及化學成分作分析，以瞭解地形發育與岩石特性間的關係。究結果發現，在礦物組成上，石英、長石與高嶺土為主要的組成礦物。蕈岩頭部與薑石二種岩石的方解石和石英含量，比蕈岩頸部和風化窗多。由蕈岩頭部與薑石岩石薄片的觀察，其岩象顯示方解石充填於礦物顆粒之間的現象；而蕈岩頸部和風化窗的岩象，不透明礦物分佈多，且於礦物顆粒間充填的情形十分明顯。在化學成分方面，蕈岩頸部和風化窗的水溶性鹽類離子濃度含量明顯高於蕈岩頭部與薑石，鈉離子在蕈岩頸部中的最高值可達1280 mg/kg，氯離子則達13040 mg/kg；此現象不但說明風化窗與蕈岩頸部受鹽的破壞程度高，並顯示鹽風化(salt-weathering)可能是野柳區域內主要的風化營力。風化窗的離子濃度在不同岩石深度的變化是由表面往內部遞減，蕈岩頸部則是往內部遞增。風化窗的鈣和硫酸根離子的最高值分佈於表面，達500、474 mg/kg。This study focuses on the mineral compositions, chemical properties and petrography features in different petrology of yehliu, Taiwan northern in order to realize the characteristics of weathering.uartz, feldspar and kaolinite are the main minerals in all types of rocks of Yehliu. There are more quartz and calcite in ginger rock and head of mushroom rock. This situation maybe the reason that it is much stronger in strength. For the petrographic features, there are more calcite filled in the pores than at head of mushroom rock. The neck of mushroom rock has many matrixes and some of them intrude into mineral grains.he concentrations of water soluble ions in tafoni and neck of mushroom rock are much higher then ginger rock and head of mushroom rock. The difference between the concentration of the sodium and chlorine even goes few tens-fold. It implies that salt is the main element within coastal weathering process. During weathering processes, there are some ion diffusion and deposition in rocks. The distribution of ion concentrations is relatively lower at neck of mushroom and tafoni. There are more calcium and sulfur deposit on the surface of tafoni. It can produceIore gypsum and make sandstone much stronger and reduce the weathering processes into the inner part.目 錄文摘要...........................................I文摘要..........................................II一章 緒論....................................1一節 研究動機................................1二節 研究目的................................4二章 研究區簡介..............................5一節 位置....................................5一節 地質地質................................7三節 氣候...................................10三章 文獻回顧..................................11一節 礦物組成、膠結狀態與岩石風化...............11二節 岩石的物理性質、鹽風化作用與岩石弱化........15三節 金屬離子於岩石風化中的作用................19四章 研究方法..................................22一節 研究流程...............................22二節 實驗方法...............................24三節 岩石樣本準備...........................28五章 研究成果..................................32一節 礦物組成分析...........................32二節 特殊岩象分析...........................50三節 化學成分分析...........................55六章 結果與討論................................68一節 礦物組成與膠結物.........................68二節 水溶性鹽離子與鹽風化作用..................73三節 金屬元素與硬殼層的形成....................78七章 結論與建議................................80一節 結論....................................80二節 建議....................................82用文獻..........................................83目錄1-1 不同風化研究尺度下重要的因子............................32-1 野柳的岩層剖面......................................83-1 野柳蕈岩頭頸部之力學試驗...............................123-2 野柳蕈岩頭頸部之礦物組成...............................133-3 不同鹽類的溶解性.....................................153-4 蕈岩頭頸部岩石之物理性質...............................184-1 樣本編號表...........................................295-1 各樣本水溶性鹽類元素濃度...............................555-2 各樣本鐵離子濃度.....................................625-3 各樣本錳離子濃度.....................................635-4 各樣本鋅離子濃度.....................................645-5 各樣本銅離子濃度.....................................655-6 各樣本鉻離子濃度.....................................665-7 各樣本鎳離子濃度.....................................676-1 各樣本礦物組成分析表..................................70目錄1-1 風化系統示意圖......................................22-1 野柳位置圖..........................................52-2 野柳衛星影像........................................62-3 野柳岬之平台........................................62-4 野柳的特殊地形........................................62-5 野柳岩層與地形分佈圖...................................93-1 海水中各鹽離子含量比例................................143-2 岩石內部物質移動造成岩石風化...........................163-3 風化正、負回饋系統....................................173-4 岩石表面的硬殼層.....................................194-1 研究流程圖...........................................234-2 化學元素分析儀器.....................................264-3 岩石薄片製作與觀察儀器................................274-4 岩石標本採樣區.......................................284-5 採樣分層示意圖.......................................294-6 各岩性岩石採樣樣本....................................304-7 岩石剖面特殊現象.....................................315-1 薑石表面樣本的XRD光譜圖...............................335-2 薑石表層樣本的XRD光譜圖...............................335-3 薑石次表層樣本的XRD光譜圖.............................345-4 薑石內層樣本的XRD光譜圖...............................345-5 風化窗表面樣本的XRD光譜圖.............................355-6 風化窗表層樣本的XRD光譜圖.............................365-7 風化窗次表層樣本的XRD光譜圖...........................365-8 風化窗內層樣本的XRD光譜圖.............................365-9 蕈岩頸部表面樣本的XRD光譜圖...........................375-10 蕈岩頸部表層樣本的XRD光譜圖..........................375-11 蕈岩頸部次表層樣本的XRD光譜圖........................385-12 蕈岩頸部內層樣本的XRD光譜圖..........................385-13 蕈岩頭部表面樣本的XRD光譜圖..........................395-14 蕈岩頭部表層樣本的XRD光譜圖..........................395-15 蕈岩頭部次表層樣本的XRD光譜圖........................405-16 蕈岩頭部內層樣本的XRD光譜圖..........................405-17 薑石表面樣本的FTIR光譜圖.............................425-18 薑石表層樣本的FTIR光譜圖.............................425-19 薑石次表層樣本的FTIR光譜圖...........................435-20 薑石內層樣本的FTIR光譜圖.............................435-21 風化窗表面樣本的FTIR光譜圖...........................445-22 風化窗表層樣本的FTIR光譜圖...........................445-23 風化窗次表層樣本的FTIR光譜圖.........................455-24 風化窗內層樣本的FTIR光譜圖...........................455-25 蕈岩頸部表面樣本的FTIR光譜圖.........................465-26 蕈岩頸部表層樣本的FTIR光譜圖.........................465-27 蕈岩頸部次表層樣本的FTIR光譜圖........................475-28 蕈岩頸部內層樣本的FTIR光譜圖.........................475-29 蕈岩頭部表面樣本的FTIR光譜圖.........................485-30 蕈岩頭部表層樣本的FTIR光譜圖.........................485-31 蕈岩頭部次表層樣本的FTIR光譜圖........................495-32 蕈岩頭部內層樣本的FTIR光譜圖.........................495-33 蕈岩頭部岩石之岩象(cross nicol影像)....................515-34 蕈岩頭部岩石之岩象 (open nicol影像)....................515-35 薑石之岩象（礦物顆粒之間膠結物為方解石）(cross nicol影像).525-36 薑石之岩象 (open nicol影像)...........................525-37 蕈岩頸部岩石之岩象(cross nicol影像)....................535-38 蕈岩頸部岩石之岩象 (open nicol影像)....................535-39 風化窗岩石之岩象(cross nicol影像).....................545-40 風化窗岩石之岩象(open nicol影像)......................545-41 薑石各層的水溶性鹽類元素濃度..........................585-42 風化窗各層的水溶性鹽類元素濃度........................585-43 蕈狀岩頸部各層的水溶性鹽類元素濃度.....................595-44 蕈狀岩頭部各層的水溶性鹽類元素濃度.....................595-45 各岩性內層的水溶性鹽類元素濃度........................605-46 各岩性次表層的水溶性鹽類元素濃度.......................605-47 各岩性表層的水溶性鹽類元素濃度........................615-48 各岩性表面的水溶性鹽類元素濃度........................616-1 薑石礦物顆粒組織數化示意圖.............................716-2 蕈岩頸部礦物顆粒組織數化示意圖.........................726-3 風化窗與蕈岩頸部不同岩石分層之鈣、硫酸根離子濃度..........766-4 風化窗形成示意圖.....................................766-5 風化窗與周圍岩層.....................................7