Ishiwara Kanji’s Asia and His Views on China

十九世紀中期以來，伴隨中國的衰落以及西方列強的入侵，脣亡齒寒的危機感導致日本開始關心中國及亞洲問題。石原莞爾，這位活躍於二十世紀初的日本陸軍軍官，也浸濡於近代日本轉型的時代 氛圍當中，繼承了此一關懷的課題。 基於軍人的使命，石原莞爾以最終戰爭論和東亞聯盟論這兩大思想為支柱，建構出一套自認為能替日本、東亞甚至全人類帶來幸福的戰略構想，並藉由掌握軍事權力的當下，策劃發動著名的滿洲事變以及推動建立滿洲國，將滿洲視為日本能否在最終戰爭中獲勝的關鍵點，又當作東亞聯盟運動的最佳範例。 本文即試圖在亞細亞主義的脈絡下，以滿洲作為理解的出發點，探討石原莞爾替近代日本在歐亞之間定位的策略，勾勒出在滿洲國王道論述與關東軍霸道行動之下，石原莞爾所蘊含的中國認識與亞洲觀，對近代日本處理日中關係和亞洲課題提供一個思考的面向。The falling of China and the intrusion of the West since the middle of 19th century had forced Japan to rethink about its role in the Pacific region. As Japan transformed into a modern nation, Ishiwara Kanji, an active general officer of the Japanese Army in the 20th century, was also deeply concerned with this issue as other Japanese intellectuals. Motivated by his military vision, Ishiwara Kanji constructed a set of strategic plans based on two conceptual pillars: the Final War and the East Asian League. He envisioned this structure as a way leading to the happiness for Japan, East Asia, and the mankind. In order to accomplish his goal, Ishiwara was responsible for planning the Manchuria Incident and founding Mahchukuo under his command. In his blueprint, Manchuria was the key to win the Final War as well as the best demonstration of the East Asian League. This thesis attempts to illuminate the figure of Ishiwara Kanji in the recent political history of Japan. It takes the note of Ishiwara’s thoughts about finding modern Japan’s self-position between Asia and Europe under the context of Asianism. The thesis also tries to analyze Ishiwara Kanji’s Asia and his views on China by his discourse and response on Manchuria. Hopefully, the analysis could contribute to the understanding of the interaction between Japan, China and Asia.口試委員會審定書 i辭 ii文摘要 iv文摘要 v一章 導論 1一節 研究動機 1二節 石原莞爾生平概述 3三節 研究背景與問題意識 5四節 文獻檢閱 12五節 研究方法與章節安排 17二章 石原莞爾的思想形成 19一節 石原莞爾身處之時代背景 19二節 中國認識與亞洲觀的萌芽 27三節 最終戰爭論 31四節 小結 35三章 東亞聯盟論 37一節 東亞聯盟論及其運動的發展 37二節 聯合亞洲、領導世界 42三節 東亞聯盟的平等性 47四節 小結 51四章 由滿洲事變看日華關係 54一節 日本特殊權益之地—滿洲 54二節 石原莞爾的滿洲觀 58三節 滿洲建國的意義 63四節 小結 67五章 結論 70一節 從滿洲看往中國 70二節 自亞洲通往世界 72三節 總結 73考文獻 75錄 8