Peer Evaluation and Social Networks

同儕評鑑的實行被視為一種有別於傳統上對下的成就鑑定方法，對組織效率或個人管理上有正面的效果。本文乃是第一篇從社會網路角度來探討同儕評鑑之研究，目的在於了解社會網路結構對於個人表現在評鑑系統中的影響為何？我們設計了兩種適當描述個體在網路中權重之方法，分別稱為Simple weighted allocation rule 以及Myerson weighted allocation rule，並分析在這兩種制度下的均衡產出與均衡特性。我們發現在此種模型設計下同儕效果的力量能夠良好的運作，使得組織績效得以提升；而且有別以往的研究，在我們的模型中能更準確的預估出同儕效果在個人間的差異。Peer evaluation, as a new alternative to traditional performance appraisal, has recently become very popular. This paper studies how the structure of a social network shapes the aggregate outcome and affects individuals'' contributions while individuals'' payoffs depend on a peer evaluation system. We design two allocation rules appropriate for different purposes to weigh individuals'' opinions: simple weighted allocation rule (SWAR) and Myerson weighted allocation rule (MWAR), and analyze the equilibrium outcomes under these rules. We find that peer effects operate in a heterogeneous manner.口試委員會審定書…………………………………………………………………..i謝……………………………………………………………………………….…ii文摘要…………………………………………………………………………....iiibstract……………………………………………………………………………....iv Introduction…………………………………………………………………........1 The Model………………………………………………………………………..4.1 Allocation Rules……………………………………………………………..5 2.1.1 Simple Weighted Allocation Rule…………………………………….6 2.1.2 Myerson-Weighted Allocation Rule…………………………………..8 Equilibrium Efforts in Peer Evaluation Networks……………………………...12.1 Networks and Effort Profiles………………………………………………13.2 Decomposition of Effort……………………………………………...…..18.3 Existence and Uniqueness of Nash Equilibrium………………...………..19 Network Formation…………………………………………………………...22.1 Pairwise Stability with Costless Links………………………………….23.2 Stability in Peer Evaluation Networks (with cost of linkage)……………27 Discussion………………………………………………………………………31.1 Alternative Allocation Rule……………………………………………...31.2 Logrolling…………………………………………………………………34 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………35eference……………………………………………………………………………36ppendix A………………………………………………………………………….40ist of Figuresigure 1………………………………………………………………………………7igure 2……………………………………………………………………………...10igure 3……………………………………………………………………………...14igure 4……………………………………………………………………………...15igure 5……………………………………………………………………………...18igure 6……………………………………………………………………………...20igure 7……………………………………………………………………………...25igure 8……………………………………………………………………………...28igure 9……………………………………………………………………………...29igure 10…………………………………………………………………………….30igure 11…………………………………………………………………………….3