Port of Kaohsiung’s Developing Strategies while Confronting with the Threats from Mainland China’s Ports

近年中國大陸之經貿活動成長迅速，所衍生大量的運輸需求，致使航商在亞太地區之航線規劃逐漸增加大陸沿海貨櫃港口的停靠數量與頻次，此一佈局變化趨勢，不但正逐漸稀釋我國門戶—高雄港扮演亞太地區「樞紐港」角色的重要性，未來更可能對國內產業發展帶來負面之影響。 本研究著眼高雄港未來實務發展方向之掌握，廣泛蒐集國內外環境與大陸港埠最新發展資訊，以SWOT分析方法檢視出高雄港經營上本身具有之「優勢」與「弱勢」條件，並分析界定出其面對市場環境之「機會」與「威脅」，進而以SWOT矩陣策略配對法研擬出高雄港之發展策略。 本研究所擬策略包括：建議儘速促成「兩岸直航」，以維持「樞紐港」地位、自力推動「洲際貨櫃中心開發計畫」、加速航港管理體制改革、加速e化並建立單一窗口服務平台、爭取東南亞各國貨源、爭取更多授權與法令鬆綁、推動人力資源整合、加速民營化之進程等，均係整體考量高雄港與台灣產業發展之實務性建議，期能供作相關主管機關未來決策之參考。A mass shipping transportation demand has developed from the recent rapid growth of the economic and trade activities of Mainland China. The international shipping lines are increasing their service scale and frequency to the coastal container ports in Mainland China. This trend variation will not only gradually dilute the importance of Prot of Kaohsiung (POK) as a hub port in the Asia-Pacific region but also induce the negative impact to the development of Taiwan’s local industry. Toward directing POK’s future development from a practical point of view, this study extensively collects the up-to-date information on the internal and external environment of POK as well as the latest development of Mainland China’s ports. Thereafter, SWOT analysis method is adopted to examine the Strengths and Weaknesses of the management of POK and identify her Opportunities and Threats in the market place. The development strategies of POK are then further proposed based on the SWOT matrix’s matching results. The suggested strategies include: accelerating the progress of direct shipping across the Strait to ensure the hub position, promoting the development of the Offshore Container Terminal with government fund, expediting the reformation of the port and navigation management system, speeding up the electronization and the setup of the single-window service platform, attracting the cargo from South-East Asia, more authorization and deregulation, integrating the human resources, hastening the privatization process, etc. All these pragmatic suggestions are based on the overall consideration on the development of POK and Taiwan’s industry, presumably, they could serve as useful references for the related government organizations in their decision making process.口試委員會審定書 ------------------------------------------------------------- I 誌謝 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ II 中文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- III 英文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- IV 目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ V 圖目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ VIII 表目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- IX 第一章、緒論 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1研究背景與動機 -------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2研究目的與範圍 -------------------------------------------------------- 2 1.3研究方法與流程 -------------------------------------------------------- 2 第二章、文獻探討 -------------------------------------------------------------- 5 2.1競爭力之定義 ----------------------------------------------------------- 5 2.2港埠競爭力及競爭策略相關文獻 ---------------------------------- 6 2.3小結 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 第三章、問題解析 ------------------------------------------------------------- 11 3.1問題之產生與特性 ---------------------------------------------------- 11 3.2問題之發展與影響 ---------------------------------------------------- 16 3.2.1航線變化 ----------------------------------------------------------- 16 3.2.2產業成本變化 ----------------------------------------------------- 19 3.3小結 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 第四章、國際貨櫃航運與港埠環境之發展 ------------------------------- 21 4.1貨櫃航運市場 ---------------------------------------------------------- 21 4.1.1 市場變化分析 ---------------------------------------------------- 21 4.1.2 航商規模與佈局分析 ------------------------------------------- 26 4.1.3 航商經營策略分析 ---------------------------------------------- 32 4.1.4 船舶與航線型態發展分析 ------------------------------------- 36 4.2港埠環境 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 40 4.2.1 港埠建設與經營趨勢 ------------------------------------------- 40 4.2.2 西太平洋地區主要港埠之發展概況 ------------------------- 43 4.3小結 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 第五章、中國大陸國際港埠之發展 ---------------------------------------- 48 5.1大陸國際港埠之整體規劃 ------------------------------------------- 48 5.1.1 整體規劃之背景意涵 ------------------------------------------- 48 5.1.2 整體規劃之實質內涵 ------------------------------------------- 51 5.2大陸國際港埠之發展規劃及建設 ---------------------------------- 57 5.2.1 環渤海經濟區 ---------------------------------------------------- 57 5.2.2 長江三角洲經濟區 ---------------------------------------------- 61 5.2.3 東南沿海經濟區 ------------------------------------------------- 64 5.2.4 珠江三角洲經濟區 ---------------------------------------------- 66 5.3大陸國際港埠之經營 ------------------------------------------------- 69 5.3.1 港埠經營策略 ---------------------------------------------------- 70 5.3.2 港埠經營管理方式 ---------------------------------------------- 73 5.4小結 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 75 第六章、 高雄港之建設與經營 -------------------------------------------- 76 6.1台灣地區國際港埠之整體規劃 ------------------------------------- 76 6.1.1 台灣地區商港整體發展規劃 ---------------------------------- 76 6.1.2 高雄港之特色與定位 ------------------------------------------- 77 6.2高雄港之貨櫃運輸發展計畫 ---------------------------------------- 82 6.2.1 貨櫃碼頭需求 ---------------------------------------------------- 82 6.2.2 未來發展計畫 ---------------------------------------------------- 82 6.3高雄港之經營 ---------------------------------------------------------- 89 6.3.1 港埠經營之策略 ------------------------------------------------- 89 6.3.2 港埠經營之方式 ------------------------------------------------ 92 6.4小結 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 93 第七章、 高雄港之發展策略分析 ---------------------------------------- 94 7.1 高雄港之發展目標 ------------------------------------------------- 94 7.2 高雄港之經營環境 ------------------------------------------------- 94 7.2.1外部環境分析 ---------------------------------------------------- 95 7.2.2內部環境分析 ---------------------------------------------------- 99 7.3 高雄港之SWOT分析 ---------------------------------------------- 102 7.4 高雄港之發展策略研擬 ------------------------------------------- 106 7.5 策略執行建議 ------------------------------------------------------- 107 7.6 小結 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 111 第八章、結論與建議 -------------------------------------------------------- 113 8.1 結論 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 113 8.2 建議 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 115 參考文獻 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 11