Transition of Home and Neighborhood Environment for the Elderly：A Case Study of the Military Servicemen's Settlement, Taipei

我們經常會在新聞報導內發現，有許多的榮民或眷村住戶在眷村改建之時，被迫暫時搬遷到外地，或政府會同時安排暫居地，但這段期間政府只是將他們隨意的搬動，完全未曾考慮到原來既存在眷村內部的人際網絡關係。當政府不考慮原有內部的社會網絡而簡化遷回的分配動作，加上改建後的國宅形式千遍一律，無法顧及到居民的實際需求，這些空間、環境脈絡的變遷對身處其中眷村原住戶老年人的生活造成極劇烈的轉變。 本研究以質性研究方法的參與式觀察與深度訪談的方式進行。並從環境心理學層面切入議題，並納入原眷村的人文文化特質，深入探討居住環境變遷導致眷村老年居民對於家、生活鄰里與社會關係網絡產生許多必然的改變與影響。本研究中眷村第一代的老年人們，因眷村內部特殊環境而形成相似的生活習慣、行為及傳統，而對社區內部的鄰里與空間產生強烈的依附感和歸屬感。 在面對遷回的新式電梯公寓大廈、離散的鄰里關係、生活鄰里的變遷時，新的生活環境無法同時滿足他們物理與心理層面的需求，因而使居民產生了強烈的疏離感。然而大多數眷村第一代的老年居民並不因此而日漸消沉，相反地，積極的主動在有限的空間內改變使用與利用社區環境所擁有資源，以更符合他們隨著時間改變的身體健康狀況、家庭結構和生活中的真實需求，而形成另一種新的生存戰術與生活模式。期望本研究中所得到的成果，能為現下臺灣社會中老年人族群的住居與環境問題尋出可行的出路。When settlements of military servicemen had to be reconstructed, we frequently discovered in the news reports that a lot of senior veterans or residents living in settlements were forced to move out. The government arranged temporarily occupies for those residents simultaneously but casually, and ignored the inner existing relationship of interpersonal network inside. Researcher is prompted by the issues including the government used the simplified assignment without concerning about the primary social network, and the space types in renovated residence community from settlements of military servicemen were so identical that it couldn’t meet substantially with habitants’ physical and psychological needs. Those inquiries evoke researcher attempting to discuss the effects about the changes of living space and environmental context upon original residents of military servicemen's settlements. This research based on the spatial observation, participant observation, field investigation and in-depth interviews of the nine residents living in military servicemen's settlements in Taipei. Since the researcher cares that how these residents adapt in the process of residential mobility and how the transition of home and neighborhood environment affect residents’ psychology before and after moving. Four main research questions frame the current study: (a) How did they link up their life meanings and living experiences with the specific historical spatial condition? (b) What was the residents’ living strategy regarding inside and outside space of the new neighborhood environment after shifting in the original specific environment? (c) After transferring to the new environment, how did residents’ ‘meanings of home’ have to alter? And what was the residents’ adaptability to new neighborhood? (d) How did these elderly in the relocation household of military servicemen's settlements with lower position attach to the new environment after changing? When facing the high rise apartment buildings with the lift, dispersed neighborhood relationship, and the changing neighborhood is unable to meet their physics and psychological demands at the same time, therefore it makes the elderly feel strong alienation. But most of these old residents didn’t feel downhearted day by day, on the contrary, they changed the use of limited space energetically and spontaneously, and utilized resource of community to fit even more their true demand of health status, family’s structure and life that those changed with time. Hence they formed another new existence tactic and living style. This research expects to have achievement that could find the suitable ways to solve the problem of the transition of home and neighborhood for the elderly in Taiwan society nowadays.第一章 緒論.............................................1 第一節 研究緣起.........................................1 第二節 問題意識.........................................2 一、 軍眷戶╱新住戶...................................2 二、 老年人與生活空間環境.............................3 三、 生活環境變遷.....................................5 第三節 理論與文獻回顧...................................7 一、 地方依附與地方認同...............................7 二、 家的意義與鄰里認同...............................9 三、 轉變（change and transition）心理學.............13 四、 眷村改建........................................15 五、 眷村相關研究文獻................................18 六、 小結............................................21 第四節 研究方法........................................22 一、 研究方法的選擇：深入訪談與參與式觀察............22 二、 實際操作：進入田野過程..........................24 三、 資料分析與可信度................................31 第二章 婦聯六村背景與空間分布..........................33 第一節 往日模範眷村....................................33 第二節 眷村管理機制及其組織............................36 第三節 今日健康新城....................................37 第四節 歷史洪流中的婦聯六村............................40 一、 地理環境........................................40 二、 由封閉凝滯到開放流通的過程......................41 第三章 婦聯六村生活樣態................................45 第一節 婦聯六村第一代居民..............................45 一、 隨政府來台的男性居民............................45 二、 隨丈夫渡海來台的外省女性........................46 三、 嫁入眷村的本省籍女性............................47 四、 村內單身退伍老兵................................48 第二節 生活家屋型態的轉變..............................48 一、 早期原貌........................................49 二、 順應生活問題而生的解決方法......................51 第三節 婦聯六村眷戶的家庭生活..........................60 一、 遭遇天災的家....................................62 二、 對於生活空間中隱私的看待........................63 三、 對過往與老家的紀念..............................64 第四節 六村時期鄰里生活經驗與社會網絡..................67 一、 鄰里生活經驗....................................67 二、 鄰里組織與社會網絡關係..........................70 三、 小結............................................76 第四章 改建時期過渡到入住延壽國宅......................78 第一節 改建時期........................................78 一、 變動中的家......................................80 二、 生活上的變動....................................82 三、 鄰里關係的變化..................................84 第二節 健康新城新希望..................................86 一、 家的新希望......................................88 二、 轉變的新生活....................................94 三、 社會網絡關係的重組..............................99 四、 小結...........................................106 第五章 從顛沛流離到安身立命...........................108 第一節 從流轉到穩固的家─空間與意義的改變.............108 一、 老年眷民的家戶改變與居住安排...................108 二、 眷民認同為「家」的過程.........................109 三、 眷民「家空間」的展現...........................112 四、 由平面化到高層化的居住習慣改變.................113 第二節 鄰里認知的變遷.................................115 一、 眷民對實質環境變遷的認知.......................115 二、 鄰里變遷後社會關係網絡的更迭...................116 三、 我還是六村人...................................117 第三節 「舊」與「新」的連結...........................119 第六章 結語...........................................122 第一節 結論...........................................122 第二節 建議...........................................124 第三節 研究限制與反省.................................125 第四節 後續研究方向...................................126 參考書目................................................127 附