Two-axis Sun Tracking of Concentration Photovoltaic System

本研究旨在開發雙層機構集光式太陽光發電追控系統，設計製作一雙層追控機構模型機與光感測器，以人工智慧與一回授控制器來設計追控系統，依據系統狀態與外界環境，分析太陽的歷史運動軌跡與預測未來軌跡，來進行操作決策，使得系統不受外界干擾影響而且省能，並隨時自動精確對準太陽，使太陽電池得到最大發電量。本研究以單晶片8052微處理器製成控制器，並對系統作完整的測試評估。經由晴天實驗測試的結果顯示，集光式追控系統全日發電量為平板式固定系統全日發電量的3.09倍，步進馬達耗電量約佔當日太陽電池全日發電量的2.2%，由此顯示，所設計的雙層機構集光式太陽光發電追控系統性能良好。The main purpose of the present research is to develop a Two-axis Sun Tracking of Concentration PV System, design and make one two-axis sun tracking model machine with the light detecting device, design the tracking control system by artificial intelligence and feedback controller, according to the state of the system and external environment, the orbit that analyse the historical movement orbit of the sun and predict future, to operate decision, make the system free from interruption by external world influence and save energy, and aim at the sun automatically and accurately at any time, make the solar cell get the largest generation. This research is made into the controller with single chip 8052 microprocessors and tested. On a sunny day basis, the experiment results show that the full-time generation of the tracking concentrator system is 3.09 times of the full-time generation of the fixing system, the power consumption of the stepper motor accounts for 2.2% of the full-time generation of the tracking concentrator system. The performance of the Two-axis Sun Tracking of Concentration PV System is shown satisfactory.誌謝.....................................................Ⅰ 中文摘要 ................................................Ⅱ 英文摘要 ................................................Ⅲ 目錄 ................................................Ⅳ 表目錄 ................................................Ⅶ 圖目錄 ................................................Ⅷ 符號說明 ...............................................XⅣ第一章 緒論...............................................1 1.1 研究動機 ........................................1 1.2 研究內容 ........................................8 第二章 集光式雙層追控機構設計與製作 .....................10 2.1 太陽電池 .......................................10 2.1.1 太陽電池特性.....................................10 2.1.2 太陽電池封裝與測試 ..............................13 2.2 雙層式追蹤機構設計 ..............................18 2.3雙層式追蹤機構製作 ..............................26 第三章 光感測器設計製作與測試 .....................30 3.1光感測器元件特性 ..............................30 3.1.1 光敏電阻特性 ..............................30 3.1.2 光敏電阻測試 ..............................32 3.2光感測器設計製作 ..............................39 3.3光感測器測試 .......................................42 3.3.1 電腦模擬 .......................................42 3.3.2 測試結果 .......................................46 第四章 回授控制器設計 ..............................60 4.1 系統動態模型 .......................................60 4.2 回授控制器結構 .......................................64 4.3 回授控制器設計 .......................................65 4.4 回授控制器硬體與軟體設計 .....................70 4.4.1 硬體電路設計製作 ..............................70 4.4.2 軟體程式設計 ..............................77 第五章 人工智慧控制系統設計 ...........................80 5.1 人工智慧控制系統結構 ..............................80 5.2 人工智慧控制系統軟體設計 .....................85 5.3 追控系統性能整合測試 ..............................92 第六章 討論與結論 ..................................... 101 6.1 討論 ...............................................101 6.2 結論 ...............................................103 6.3 未來展望 ......................................104 參考文獻 ...............................................105 附錄一 8052控制器程式 .............................107 附錄二 霍爾電流感測器 .............................126 作者簡歷 ...............................................12