The Effects of Dietary β-glucan on Non-specific Immune Response and Survival of Small Abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)

本研究目的在於探討臺灣鮑 (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)經 β-glucan 餵食後對其非特異性免疫因子之影響，以及應用β-glucan 及藻酸鈉於臺灣鮑苗附板及活存之研究。 本研究第一部分比較螺旋藻粉、藍綠藻粉、綠藻粉、龍鬚菜粉、石蓴粉及藻酸鈉對臺灣鮑攝食之影響，結果發現藻酸鈉有最佳誘引效果。第二部份，比較臺灣鮑餵食不同添加量的β-glucan各組別，包括未添加的控制組、添加2g/㎏、4g/㎏、8g/㎏、16g/㎏β-glucan及龍鬚菜組等處理組，其非特異性免疫能力之影響；實驗結果發現餵食0、2、4、8、16g/kg β-glucan不會導致臺灣鮑血淋巴HLS (hemolymph lysate supernatant)的轉氨基酵素 GOT (Glutamate oxalacetate transaminase)、GPT (Glutamate oxalacetate transaminase)及SOD(superoxide dismutase) 活性上升，顯示餵食β-glucan 不會對臺灣鮑造成傷害；但對於臺灣鮑THC (Total haemocyte counts)、O2-、PR (phagocytic rate)、PI (phagocytic index) 及血淋巴ROIs 反應等免疫活性均有促進效果；尤其以餵食4g/㎏ β-glucan處理組，在第8 天的O2-的誘發率高達0.563 ± 0.004及PR值 0.199 ± 0.014％，提升效果最為顯著，且與對照組有顯著差異(p＜0.05)。顯示餵食添加 β-glucan 可以提升臺灣鮑非特異性免疫防禦能力，且建議飼料添加量為4g/kgβ-glucan。 本研究第三部份，利用agar(1％)當黏著劑，添加藻酸鈉或4g/㎏ β-glucan塗抹於浪板上，觀察鮑苗附板量及活存之影響。實驗發現以agar(1％)+添加藻酸鈉 (24.5％)附板量最高每片浪板219.66±9.07隻且顯著高於對照組(p＜0.05)；於實驗第15天，又以添加agar (1%)+4g/kg β-glucan 的處理組鮑苗的活存率高達79.36±5.13％且顯著高於對照組(p＜0.05)。實驗結果顯示，在浪板上塗抹藻酸鈉的藻膠可提高鮑苗的附板量，以及添加β-glucan的藻膠，可以有效提高鮑苗的活存率。This purpose of this study is aimed to know the effect of dietary β-glucan on non-specfic immune response in small abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta) and use sodium alginate with β-glucan to observe survival and attachment of small abalone post-larvae. In experiment 1 to compare agar (1%)+Spirulina powder (24.5%), agar (1%)+blue-green algae powder (24.5%), agar (1%)+Chlorella powder (24.5%), agar (1%)+Gracilaria powder (24.5%), agar (1%)+Ulva powder (24.5%),agar (1%)+Sodium alginate (24.5%),agar (1%),Sodium alginate (24.5%) to induce ingestion agents. The best treatment is Sodium alginate (24.5%). In experiment 2 to compare the control (without β-glucan), 2, 4, 8, 16 g/kg β-glucan and blank (Gracilaria sp.) by observing the THC (total haemocyte counts), O2-, PR (phagocytic rate), PI (phagocytic index), PO (phenoloxidase), GOT (glutamate oxalacetate transaminase), GPT (glutamate pyruvate transaminase), luminol- and lucigenin- enhanced chemiluminescence. The result showed that dietary β-glucan can enhance THC, O2-, PR, PI, luminol- and lucigenin- enhanced chemiluminescence. In all treatments showed that no significant differences in SOD, GOT and GPT. That means β-glucan can enhance non-specfic immune responses in small abalone. The treatment in 4g/kg β-glucan is the best effect on O2- activity(0.563±0.004) and PR(0.199±0.014%). In experiment 3 to compare sodium alginate and 4g/kg β-glucan by adding into agar (1%) to observe attachment number and survival. The result showed that sodium alginate can increase post-larvae of small abalone attachment number(219.66±9.07). This treatment of 4g/kg β-glucan add into agar (1%) can enhance post-larvae of small abalone survival on plate during 15 days.⣷15; 謝辭------------------------------------------------------------------------------i ⣷15; 中文摘要-----------------------------------------------------------------------iii ⣷15; 英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------v ⣷15; 目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------vii ⣷15; 圖目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------viii ⣷15; 表目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------ix ⣷15; 前言------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 ⣷15; 文獻整理------------------------------------------------------------------------4 ⣷15; 材料與方法--------------------------------------------------------------------19 ⣷15; 結果-----------------------------------------------------------------------------32 ⣷15; 討論-----------------------------------------------------------------------------49 ⣷15; 結論-----------------------------------------------------------------------------60 ⣷15; 參考文獻-----------------------------------------------------------------------61 ⣷15; 附錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------9