Breast Model Construction using a Probing Device

三維空間(3D)掃描技術雖然早已被普遍使用，可是3D掃描器仍然非常昂貴，也因此難以普及化。但是，很多應用都需要用到3D掃描的技術，比如說醫學的應用上往往會需要掃描人體的一部分來進行分析。因此，在這篇論文中，我們發表了一個新的方法，可藉由在胸部上取樣少量的點來建構人體胸部的模型。這些3D的胸部模型可以拿來應用在許多方面，像是整形手術後胸部形狀的預測。我們藉由改裝PHANToM這台原本是機器手臂的儀器來達到在胸部上取樣的目的，並且使用這些點建立出一個平滑的表面以達到我們的目的。使用這方法的優勢除了比用3D掃描器來的便宜之外，病人也不需要脫光他們的衣服就可以達到取樣的目的，他們仍然可以穿輕薄的內衣因而保有他們的隱私權。這方法不只是用在胸部，也可以套用在其他的物體上。3D scanning technology has been used for a long time, but 3D scanners are still too expensive to be popularized. However, for many applications, such as medical uses, to scan a part of human body is necessary. Hence, in this thesis, we develop a novel method for modeling human breasts with only some sample points. These 3D breast models can be used in many applications such as plastic surgery predicting their shape after dealing with a plastic operation. We obtain the sample points on real human breast with PHANToM which is a robot arm and reconstruct a smooth surface with these sample points. Besides a cheaper method, the advantage of this method is that the patients can keep their personal secrets because they can still wear their underwear, not stark-naked. Not only for breast models, this method can also be used on other objects.CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 MOTIVATION 1 1.2 ORGANIZATION 2 CHAPTER 2 RELATED WORK 5 2.1 REAL-WORLD OBJECTS RECONSTRUCTION 5 2.2 PARAMETERIZATION 11 CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 17 3.1 POINT SAMPLING 17 3.2 SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION 18 3.3 CONSISTENT PARAMETERIZATION 18 3.4 PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS 19 CHAPTER 4 POINT SAMPLING 21 4.1 PHANTOM 21 4.2 CALIBRATION 24 4.3 ERROR 28 4.4 ENVIRONMENT OF EXPERIMENT 30 4.5 INTERACTION WITH PATIENTS 32 CHAPTER 5 SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION 35 5.1 MPU APPROXIMATION 35 5.2 COMPARING WITH SCAN RESULT 41 CHAPTER 6 CONSISTENT PARAMETERIZATION 47 6.1 FEATURES AND BOUNDARY 47 6.2 IMPLEMENTATION 50 6.2.1 Boundary of mesh 51 6.2.2 Parameterization 53 6.2.3 Re-meshing 54 6.3 PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS 55 CHAPTER 7 RESULTS 57 CHAPTER 8 DISCUSSION AND FUTURE WORK 65 REFERENCES 6