Management Effectiveness Evaluation of Wu-Wei-Kang Wildlife Refuge, Ilan, Taiwan

本研究以世界自然基金會的保護區經營管理快速評估與設定優先法(WWF RAPPAM Methodology) 為基礎，結合質性研究方法，以宜蘭縣無尾港野生動物保護區為對象，自2004 年中至2006 年10 月，進行保護區經營管理效能評估的研究。 本研究採行質的訪談、參與觀察、焦點團體與文獻回顧等質性研究法，先以權益關係人分析、體制分析、及問題與狀況分析，以解構無尾港野生動物保護區歷來的經營管理體制與運作，並藉此釐清關鍵的權益關係人。接著邀集權益關係人舉辦首次參與式工作坊，初建構大家對保護區的共識，釐清保護區的目標，討論其面臨的威脅與壓力，並共擬重要工作項目。再者是透過專家訪談進行WWF RAPPAM Methodology 問卷的在地化作業。最後，以該問卷為基礎，舉辦進行無尾港野生動物保護區經營管理效能評估工作坊。 評估結果顯示，無尾港野生動物保護區在經營管理上的優點包括清楚的經營管理目標、良好的溝通與資訊、基礎設施、及經營管理決策過程適當。而保護區的規劃、專職員工、財務與經營管理過程則明顯呈現弱項。與不丹及中國的個案經驗相比，則更顯經營管理計畫與財務管理的不足。其或也代表國內保護區過於重視生物生態面向，輕忽經營管理的現象。在後續的作業上，本研究建議可以先從經營管理計畫格式與內容修訂著手。 本研究結果透露WWF RAPPAM Methodology 能夠完整有效地點出無尾港野生動物保護區在經營管理上的優缺點，但需要進一步增刪修訂以能反映該個案的特性。而參與式工作坊的取徑，也需要較大的時間彈性，以獲取主管機關的支持與舖陳權益關係人的共識。另，田野經驗顯示，權益關係人與體制分析，及問題與狀況分析，或可在工作坊的會前舖陳與建構權益關係人共識上，做出一些貢獻。This study adopted a qualitative approach to apply the WWF RAPPAM Methodology on the Wu-Wei-Kang Wildlife Refuge to evaluate its management effectiveness from the middle 2004 to October 2006. This study used some qualitative methods, including mainly interview, participatory observation, focus group, and literature review. Besides, the participatory workshop was the main tool we adopted in this study. In the very beginning, as preparing workshops, we used stakeholder analysis, institution analysis, and problem and situation analysis to deconstruct the management institutions and operation of the Wu-Wei-Kang Wildlife Refuge, and to identify its key stakeholders. Then, we were able to have the first participatory workshop with key stakeholders while there were common grounds among them. At this workshop, we successfully made clear its objectives, discussed its threats and pressures, and developed major items of work together. Following this first workshop, the research team consulted with several experts and professionals to localize the questionnaire of the WWF RAPPAM Methodology. Based on the modified questionnaire and relevant information collected, we had the second workshop by which to evaluate the management effectiveness of the Wu-Wei-Kang Wildlife Refuge. The result of the evaluation revealed strengths and weaknesses of this refuge. Its strengths include clear management objectives, good communications and information, infrastructure, and proper management decision process. Its weaknesses are planning, staffs, finances, and management plans. Compared to those results of cases in Bhutan and China, the result of this study particularly showed the weak management plan and finance. This may imply that it paid attentions to biological and ecological perspectives, and ignored the management logics and on-site needs for protected areas in Taiwan.We therefore suggested that the format and contents of the management plan can be the focus of the following works. This study also revealed that the WWF RAPPAM Methodology can point effectively out the strengths and weaknesses of the Wu-Wei-Kang Wildlife Refuge. Somehow, more amendment should be done to reflect the characteristics of this refuge. We also found that it takes time to adopt a participatory approach on evaluating the effectiveness of protected areas because of the need to collect supports of the authorities and the consensus of stakeholders beforehand. Furthermore, this study showed that it can contribute to building up common grounds of stakeholders before the workshop for the stakeholder analysis, institutional analysis, and situation analysis.口試委員會審定書…………………………………………………… i 謝誌…………………………………………………………………… ii 中文摘要…………………………………………………………… iii 英文摘要……………………………………………………………… v 第一章緒論............................................... 1 第二章文獻回顧...........................................11 第三章保護區經營管理快速評量與設定優先法─WWF RAPPAM Methodology..............................................23 第四章研究方法.......................................... 36 第五章從溼地工作坊開始：認識無尾港保護區周遭社區與組織.. 60 第六章無尾港保護區經營管理分析.......................... 75 第七章第一次參與式工作坊................................ 88 第八章WWF RAPPAM Methodology 問卷的在地化.............. 101 第九章無尾港保護區經營管理效能評估工作坊............... 114 第十章經營管理效能評估成果分析......................... 126 第十一章結論與建議..................................... 164 參考文獻............................................... 175 附錄................................................... 18