The national legislature investigates the research of the power--And talk about my country Legislative Yuan to investigate the legalization of the power

國會調查權起源於英國，後來其他各國風行草偃，是民主國家國 會在權力分立的政府體制下，一項不可或缺的輔助性權力。 國會調查權的意義在於它是(1)國會調查權是監督行政過程的國會監督權；(2)在國會發動立法程序中，國會調查權是發動立法程序、發展立法情報、資訊之輔助立法權；(3)國會調查權是基於國民知的權利原理發揮憲政機能的國會固有權。 國會調查權制度背後的基本原理原則便在於實踐權力分立 、法治原則 、責任政治、人權保障 、國民知的權利的保障等等。 國會調查權制度並非毫無限制，對於證人權利、行政特權與司法權，均需有一定的限制，例如不自證己罪、行政特權的援用與司法獨立等等。 代表性的民主國家中，美國是實現國會調查權制度的典範，在歷次重大歷史案件(如水門事件)中，奠定了其聽證制度、國會調查權的公信力，也發揮了制衡的作用；英國則是國會調查權制度之起源，不少制度均為風氣之先，如證人宣誓法等等，其「行政監察使」制度亦獨樹一格；法國的國會調查權制度並不貧乏，惟執行上卻沒有一定的效果，委員會甚少設立，即使成立，亦成為政府操縱的工具；德國的國會調查權入憲，法源相當完備，二○○一年甚至通過調查委員會法其特色在於區分醜聞調查委員會與立法調查委員會、少數權之承認、強制權之賦予、個人權益之保障等；日本的國政調查權一樣入憲，一樣有常任委員會與特別委員會之分，其在公務員守密義務、權力分立，不侵入司法權固有領域的判例相當的多，可作為參考。 我國在歷次修法與大法官解釋作成下，逐漸建構了國會調查權的雛形，釋字三二五號解釋先是提出了文件調閱權，爾後，各立委紛紛提出立法院調查法草案；隨著釋字第四六一號解釋與釋字四九八號解釋的作出，充實了「備詢義務」的內容，而真調會條例與釋字第五八五號解釋，一舉解釋了「國會調查權」的意義、內容，以及我國未來改進方向；政府資訊公開法揭示了行政特權行使的界限，而立法院職權行使法修正草案，亦朝向與國外國會調查權學習、看齊的方向邁進。 未來的建議在於希望能有明確的法源，並修訂立法院職權行使法 ，並考慮引進德國少數權規定、美國「獨立檢察官」制度或英國「國會監察使」制度等等，最後，應儘快健全相關法制，建立慣例。The national legislature inquisition power originates England, afterwards other all countries popular grass to suppress, is a democratic nation country. Would under the government system that power sign separately, a necessary assistance power. National legislature's investigating the meaning of the power to lie in it is(1) the national legislature inquisition power to is the national legislature that inspects the administration process direct power;(2)In the national legislature launch the lawmaking procedure, national legislature's investigating power is to launch lawmaking procedure, the development assistance legislative power of[with] lawmaking intelligence, information;(3)The national legislature inquisition power is the right principle that knows according to the citizen to develop the national legislature original rights of the constitutional government function. The national legislature investigates the basic principle of the power system back lies in the fulfillment power then for cent to sign, rule of law principle, the responsibility politics, human rights guarantee, the citizen knows of the guarantee etc. of[with] right. The national legislature investigates the power system to have no restriction not, all needing to have certain restriction for witness' right, the administration privilege and the judicature, for example not from certificate the Yuan of the personal offense, the administration privilege uses with judicial independent etc.. Represent the democratic nation of sex in, the United States is the model that carries out the national legislature inquisition power system, establishing it to hear the public's trust that the certificate system, national legislature investigates power in the many times in the past major history case(as Watergate case), also developing the function of the check and balance ; The British is a national legislature to investigate the origins of the power system, a few systems all is custom it first, if the witness takes an oath the method etc., its" the administration inspects to make" system also develops a style of one's owns ; The national legislature inquisition power system of France isn't needy, carrying out however up but without certain result, the committee establishes very few, even establishing, also becoming the tool that the government manipulates ; The national legislature of Germany investigates power to go into constitution, the legal source is rather complete, even passing to investigate the committee method its special features to lie in to distinguish analysis the acknowledgement that the scandal inquisition committee and lawmaking investigated committee, few powers in 2001, compulsory power it give, personal guarantee of the rights etc.; The country Zheng inquisition power of Japan is similar into the constitution, similar separate often the term the committee and the hoc committee, it keeps secret an obligation, power to sign for cent at the public official, don't invade proper realm of judicature of the judicial precedent is rather many, can be a reference. Our country is fixing a method to explain with Lord Chancellor to make many times in the past under, constructed national legislature to investigate the embryo of the power gradually, release a word on the 325th explain first is put forward a document to survey power, thereafter, each legislator puts forward Legislative Yuan inquisition method drafted plan in succession ; Along with release a word No.461 explain and release a word to explain on the 498th of make, enrich the content of"be queried an obligation", and really adjust the meeting regulation and release a word No.585 explain, explained the meaning, content of"national legislature investigate power" with one action, and my country will improve a direction in the future ; The government information public the method announced to public the administration privilege to exercise of boundary, and the Law Governing Legislators' Exercise of Power revises drafted plan, also toward investigate the power learning with foreign national legislature and keep up with of the direction moves forward. The future suggestion lies in hoping to have an explicit legal source, and revises a Law Governing Legislators' Exercise of Power, And consider to introduce German few power provision, "independent public prosecutor" in the United States system or"the national legislature inspects to make" in England system etc., end, should as soon as possible sound and related legal system, build up usual practice.第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………1 壹、研究動機、研究目的及問題陳述……………………………1 貳、文獻回顧………………………………………………………3 參、研究途徑、方法與架構………………………………………7 肆、論文結構重點說明……………………………………………10 第二章 國會調查權之理論與制度 ………………………………12 第一節、 國會調查權的基本原則 ………………………………12 壹、權力分立…………………………………………………12 貳、法治原則…………………………………………………13 參、責任政治…………………………………………………16 肆、人權保障…………………………………………………16 伍、國民知的權利的保障……………………………………17 第二節、 國會調查權的意義與起源 ……………………………17 壹、國會調查權的意義………………………………………17 貳、國會調查權的起源………………………………………19 第三節、 國會調查權的種類與性質 ……………………………20 壹、國會調查權的種類………………………………………20 貳、國會調查權的性質………………………………………21 第四節、國會調查權的制度 ……………………………………24 第三章 國會調查權行使之範圍與限制 …………………………27 第一節、國會調查權與證人權利………………………………27 第二節、國會調查權與行政權…………………………………29 第三節、國會調查權與司法權…………………………………30 第四章 民主國家國會調查權之制度設計 ………………………31 第一節、 英國的國會調查權 ……………………………………37 壹、英國國會調查權的發展經過……………………………37 貳、英國國會調查權的法源…………………………………37 參、英國國會調查權的調查機構與行使程序………………38 肆、英國國會調查權調查的限制……………………………39 伍、英國國會調查權調查的結果……………………………40 第二節、 美國的國會調查權 ……………………………………31 壹、美國國會調查權的發展經過……………………………31 貳、美國國會調查權的法源…………………………………31 參、美國國會調查權的調查機構與行使程序………………32 肆、美國國會調查權調查的限制……………………………34 伍、美國國會調查權調查的結果……………………………36 第三節、 法國的國會調查權 ……………………………………40 壹、法國國會調查權的發展經過……………………………40 貳、法國國會調查權的法源…………………………………41 參、法國國會調查權的調查機構與行使程序………………41 肆、法國國會調查權調查的限制……………………………43 伍、法國國會調查權調查的結果……………………………44 第四節、 德國的國會調查權 ……………………………………45 壹、德國國會調查權的發展經過……………………………45 貳、德國國會調查權的法源…………………………………46 參、德國國會調查權的調查機構與行使程序………………47 肆、德國國會調查權調查的限制……………………………48 伍、德國國會調查權調查的結果……………………………49 第五節、 日本的國會調查權 ……………………………………50 壹、日本國會調查權的發展經過……………………………50 貳、日本國會調查權的法源…………………………………50 參、日本國會調查權的調查機構與行使程序………………50 肆、日本國會調查權調查的限制……………………………51 伍、日本國會調查權調查的結果……………………………53 第六節、 民主國家國會調查權之比較分析 ……………………53 第五章 我國立法院調查權之法制化歷程 ………………………56 第一節、 監察院與立法院調查權的權限爭議 …………………56 第二節、 相關法規與大法官會議解釋 …………………………57 壹、監察院調查權……………………………………………57 貳、釋字第三二五號解釋…………………………………60 一、釋字三二五號解釋 …………………………………60 二、國會調查權與監察院調查權之異同 ………………61 參、立法院調查法草案……………………………………62 肆、釋字第四六一號解釋與釋字四九八號解釋…………63 伍、真調會條例與釋字第五八五號解釋…………………65 一、事件始末………………………………………………65 二、三一九槍擊事件真相調查特別委員會條例…………70 三、釋字五八五號解釋……………………………………75 陸、政府資訊公開法與立法院職權行使法修正草案………86 一、政府資訊公開法………………………………………86 二、立法院職權行使法修正草案…………………………88 第三節、 我國立法院調查權之現況與檢討……………………91 第六章 結論………………………………………………………92 壹、主要研究發現………………………………………………92 貳、研究檢討與限制……………………………………………94 參、未來發展建議………………………………………………94 參考文獻及相關書目…………………………………………………9