Study on the Environmental Regulation and Cultivation Capacity of Simple Facilities in Double Covered Greenhouse

本研究以現地實測方法，研究適用於台灣北部平地氣候之雙層溫室設施，以簡易式設施改良調節環境能力，探討單斜式雙層溫室設施對於夏季降溫與冬季保溫之能力。並以經濟性、易操作的簡易設施為設計目標。 雙層溫室設施能力的最佳模組全年可保持在13~28℃範圍，實驗結果，夏季降溫最佳模組，以50%銀白遮蔭網遮蔽、氣流口開啟、雙層塑膠膜捲起、空氣層內噴水之狀態，室外高溫36~37℃時，室內溫度可降溫7.5℃，達到28~29℃;冬季保溫最佳模組，以氣流口、雙層塑膠膜封閉狀態，室內溫度可比室外溫度高1~4℃，搭配使用地中管系統則室內可上升4~5℃。 設施栽培實驗方面，在網室、單層溫室與雙層溫室設施環境中各栽培五種作物，以育苗、扞插、栽培三種方法，比較生長結果，雙層溫室配合環境調整設施比單層溫室及網室作物栽培成果較佳。 從溫室設施調節環境能力與經濟性分析比較得知，單層玻璃附加水牆設施的溫室與雙層空氣層溫室之兩種構造設施對溫度調節能力差異小，單層溫室造價卻為雙層溫室的3倍，設施材料費用為5.2倍，能源支出為6.8倍。This study used the method of field trial to research on the double-layer greenhouse facilities that are suitable for the demand of biological engineering in northern plain of Taiwan. Based on the foundation of improvement and research, the paper focuses on usage and ability of single-bevel double-layer covered greenhouse for temperature reduction and heat insulation during summer and heat-preservation during winter. The design purpose aims at creating economical and easy-operative types of facilities. In double-layer covered greenhouses, temperature control facility utilizes the optimal modules to reach the range of 13 to 28℃ all year. Results in summer show that the inner temperature is 7.5℃ lower than that of the outside while the temperature in the daytime is 36-37℃; the silver and white net of 50% transparency, wind gaps are utilized and the PE rubber, air gaps are opened in the course of the experiment. On the other hand, under the condition of closing wind gaps and PE rubber is the best module of winter time, and the indoor temperature is increased by 1- 4℃ as in comparison with that of the outside. When adopting the underground tubing system, the indoor temperature is increased by 4-5℃. The experiment on the facility of cultivation utilizes three methods - seeding, shooting, cultivating - to plant five kinds of crops in single-layer and double-layer covered greenhouses and screen houses, respectively. Comparing the results of crop growth, double-layer covered greenhouse, by incorporating environment adjustable facility, provides better growth rate for the crops. As far as the capability of facilities and economical efficiency are concerned, the difference in temperature adjustment capability between the single-layer greenhouse with water-pad facility and double-layer covered greenhouse with air-layer is not obvious. However, the cost of manufacturing single-layer is 3 times of double-layer, the facility material cost is 5.2 times of double-layer, while the energy consumption is 6.8 times of double-layer.中文摘要…………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract…………………………………………………Ⅱ 目錄………………………………………………………IV 表目錄……………………………………………………Ⅷ 圖目錄……………………………………………………XI 第一章 緒論 1.1 研究動機……………………………………………1 1.2 研究目的……………………………………………2 1.3 研究範圍與內容……………………………………3 1.4 研究流程……………………………………………6 第二章 文獻與理論探討 2.1 生物需求與設施構成之環境關係…………………7 2.1.1 作物栽培與設施環境關係………………………8 2.1.2 綜合生物環境需求………………………………10 2.2 溫室設施概要………………………………………11 2.2.1 溫室設施構造……………………………………11 2.2.2 外殼材料特性……………………………………13 2.2.3 單層溫室熱環境…………………………………14 2.2.4 雙層溫室研究與發展……………………………16 2.3 設施調節環境能力理論……………………………17 2.3.1 遮蔭網設施………………………………………17 2.3.2 蒸發冷郤設施……………………………………19 2.4 地中管系統設施……………………………………23 2.4.1 地中管系統理論探討……………………………23 2.4.2 地中管系統案例分析……………………………27 2.5 設施栽培概要………………………………………29 2.5.1 作物生長習性介紹………………………………29 第三章 材料與方法 3.1 雙層溫室設計與建造………………………………31 3.1.1 基地氣候與環境…………………………………31 3.1.2 溫室設施內容與經濟性…………………………34 3.2 設施設計與材料……………………………………37 3.2.1 空氣層內噴水設施………………………………37 3.2.2 地中管系統設施…………………………………38 3.3 栽培設施環境………………………………………40 3.3.1 栽培設施構造與環境……………………………40 3.3.2 栽培計測方法……………………………………41 3.4 實驗方法……………………………………………45 3.4.1 實驗用儀器………………………………………45 3.4.2 模組設計原則……………………………………47 3.4.3 地中管系統模組試驗……………………………49 3.4.4 實驗測點…………………………………………51 3.5 資料分析……………………………………………55 3.5.1 溫、濕度與熱焓阻隔率…………………………55 3.5.2 光入透計算法……………………………………57 第四章 結果與討論 4.1 綜合設施調節能力分析……………………………58 4.1.1 溫濕度差異結果…………………………………58 4.1.2 熱量比分析結果…………………………………60 4.2 各設施能力分析……………………………………63 4.2.1 外壁雙層膜與氣流口能力………………………63 4.2.2 遮蔭網能力………………………………………64 4.2.3 空氣層內噴水能力………………………………66 4.2.4 地中管系統能力…………………………………70 4.3 設施構造栽培能力…………………………………74 4.3.1 設施構造微氣候環境……………………………74 4.3.2 栽培試驗結果……………………………………76 4.3.3 設施栽培生長比綜合分析………………………82 4.4 設施調節環境能力之適用生物對象………………85 4.5 溫室構造設施能力與經濟性………………………86 4.5.1 構造與設施性能比較……………………………88 4.5.2 設施節能效率分析………………………………89 4.5.3 雙層與單層溫室設施之節能效率………………90 第五章 結論與建議 5.1 結論…………………………………………………92 5.2 建議…………………………………………………94 參考文獻 ……………………………………………….96 附錄 附錄A 地中管系統通風數值計算……………………102 附錄B 溫度環境操作模組計測結果一例……………103 著者簡