Priority-based R2CP for Multi-source Video Streaming on Wireless Sensor Network

動機：由於無線感測網路(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN)具有體積小、成本低、容易佈建、可動態組成等優點，近年來已被廣泛應用到各種領域，例如居家照護。然而感測器擁有的能力有限，加上無線網路的高錯誤率，發展視訊串流的應用必須克服諸多挑戰。 作法：本論文提出一個建構在無線感測網路的多來源視訊串流架構。此外，本論文提出的基於優先權R2CP為多對一通訊協定，能夠區分視訊中frames重要性的差異，並且具備來源互補的能力。 成果：本論文採用H.264/AVC編碼器與解碼器證明I-frame的重要性遠大於P-、B-frame，並且進一步分析封包大小與slice損壞數量之關聯；最後本論文採用自行開發的R2CP與P-R2CP模擬器，證明P-R2CP能夠提供較佳的傳輸品質。Motivation: Because wireless sensor network has advantage of small-size, low-cost, densely-deployed and self-organizing, its applications has covered a lot of domains recently, such as home care. However, its applications to video streaming still need overcome high error-rate of wireless network and limited capabilities of sensors. Method: This thesis proposes not only the architecture of multi-source video streaming on wireless sensor network, but a multi-source transport protocol named priority-based R2CP, which is capable of distinguishing the critical frames and complementing the lack of multi-source. Achievement: This thesis adopts H.264/AVC encoder and decoder to prove that I-frame is most critical ones. Besides, we further analyze the relationship between packet size and the volume of damaged slice. This thesis finally adopts the R2CP and P-R2CP simulator to prove that P-R2CP is able to provide better transmission quality.口試委員會審定書...........................................................................................................I 誌謝.................................................................................................................................II 中文摘要........................................................................................................................III 英文摘要........................................................................................................................IV CHAPTER 1 緒論..........................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景與動機..............................................................................................1 1.2 論文架構..........................................................................................................2 CHAPTER 2 文獻探討..................................................................................................3 2.1 視訊壓縮標準MPEG (MOVING PICTURE EXPERTS GROUP)...........................3 2.2 影像品質評鑑指標..........................................................................................5 2.2.1 PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio).............................................................5 2.2.2 MOS (Mean Opinion Score)........................................................................6 2.3 無線通訊協定..................................................................................................6 2.4 一對一通訊協定..............................................................................................7 2.4.1 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)..........................................................7 2.4.2 UDP (User Datagram Protocol)....................................................................8 2.4.3 RCP (Reception Control Protocol)...............................................................8 2.5 多對一通訊協定............................................................................................10 2.5.1 MFTP (Multisource File Transmission Protocol)......................................10 2.5.2 SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol)..........................................11 2.5.3 R2CP (Radial RCP).....................................................................................12 2.6 流量平滑化....................................................................................................14 CHAPTER 3 研究架構................................................................................................15 3.1 WSN多來源視訊串流架構設計..................................................................15 3.2 PRIORITY-BASED R2CP...................................................................................16 3.2.1 協定架構....................................................................................................17 3.2.2 結合優先權與來源互補的封包排程........................................................18 3.2.3 協定運作....................................................................................................21 CHAPTER 4 實驗設計與分析....................................................................................23 4.1 實驗工具........................................................................................................23 4.1.1 H.264 encoder & decoder...........................................................................23 4.1.2 R2CP & P-R2CP Simulator.........................................................................24 4.2 實驗分析........................................................................................................25 4.2.1 不同種類的畫面損壞對於PSNR的影響................................................25 4.2.2 封包大小與slice損壞數量之關聯...........................................................32 4.2.3 R2CP與P-R2CP效果比較...........................................................................41 CHAPTER 5 結論與未來方向....................................................................................45 參考文獻........................................................................................................................4