行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告期中進度報告:澳洲台灣移民第二代的就業適應與回流之研究(I)

台灣移民自1980 年代初期聞始大量移民澳洲，到了1991 年達到高峰，相對於大陸與香港移民，是澳洲華人移民的第二波浪潮（second wave ）。到了2001 年，來自台灣地區的人數已達到22 , 418 人。他們大多是以商業移民身分遷移，經由多年研究香現，他們到澳洲的移民的動機多以「子女教育」為考量的重要因素。過去對於澳洲台灣移民的研究主要以台灣第一代移民為對象，對於隨父母移民的小孩而言，卻鮮少研究。這些在原居地台灣出生，依附父母移民的小孩，他們多在被動的情形下不得不放棄和母社會的關聯，重新接受新文化和新朋友。在適應、求學、自我認同、就業及是否回流上的一系列議題，是值得討論的。究竟，他們在移民過程中的移民經．驗與適應情形為何（價值、態度、行為、求學經．驗以及與父母的互動等）？如何調適？在職業市場上，他們的就業情形與上一代有何不同？有何優勢和困境？他們會選擇回流台灣或留在澳洲的因素為何？他們如何看持自己的文化認同？ 本研究主要採取質性研究法中的深度訪談與焦點座談的方法進行研究。在訪談對象上，由於多年來在澳洲研究所累積的經驗與關係，訪問及座談對象將透過澳洲當地的移民以及回流台灣的移民介紹，並透過滾雪球的方式獲得。目前在澳洲布里斯本、雪梨及伯斯共訪問了七十七位年輕移民（young first generation ) ，往復第二階段將再度在澳洲布里斯本、雪梨、墨爾本及伯斯四個城市，進行深入訪談及焦點座談，並在台灣訪問廿位回流台灣的年輕移民。 訪談結果發現，年輕移民在移民時多是被動的角色。語言並沒有困擾他們，就學的主要問題在繳交作業時的文法與習慣用詞。他們的朋友以台灣人為主，但在文化習慣、語文能力與移民時年齡的交互影響下，他們有著不同的社會網絡與社會互動。他們認為父母多保有台灣傳統的思想;認為自己在不同的梱性、移民經．驗與教育或就業背景下，影響了他們融入澳洲主流社會。他們依舊認同中華文化，在未來結婚的對象上，多數受訪者仍表示最好是台灣人或是華人。在就業上，他們和父母的工作相關性低，和他們所讀的科系有較強的相關。認為在澳洲就業優勢是中文。也由於澳洲求職機會有限，升遷管道不良，職場文化不同，加上台灣工作多元且職場氣氣積極、有桃戰，吸引了他們想返台香展。他們認為擁有寬廣的國際視野、流利的國際語言、與外國人溝通的能力、特殊的移民經．驗與對事情的處理態度是他們在台灣就業上的優勢。 本研究為澳洲台灣移民持續性研究之一，研究成果對於我國未來即將移民或現已移民澳洲之國人，應有極大之參考價值。也能協助我國了解這些受到澳洲教育的年輕人，返國復就業的情形及其需求，以做為某些政策規劃之參考。並期望對於遷移的理論有所幫助。In the last two decades, Taiwan-born immigrants in Australia increased in large numbers since the early 1 980s and reached a peak in 1991, forming a econd wave? of Chinese migrants after the China-born and Hong Kong-born. The recent Census of 2001 recorded 22,418 Taiwan-born migrants. With census data and research by the authors in the past six years as background, this study explores the experience and adaptation of young first generation migrants who moved with their parents as part of the Business Migration Program. Although many migrants stated ducation for children? and ife style? as their major reasons for moving, the experience and adaptation of the children as associational movers were seldom studied. In this research, their values, attitude, behavior, educational experience and interaction with parents are probed into. Their adaptation process and self-identity presumably differ from their parents? who find it difficult to engage in gainful employment after immigration. Triangulation method is used for this research. In the first year, Census data provides clues to building a questionnaire which was pre-tested in July, 2003, and administered to 77 young migrants in Sydney, Brisbane and Perth in January 2004. In the second stage of research, a qualitative approach would be used by using in-depth interviews and focus group research of both young first generation migrants who stayed in Australia or have returned to Taiwan. Snow-ball sampling method would be used based on the network which was developed over the last six years of fieldwork. The questions being asked are in the areas of 1) process of migration, 2) education in Australia, 3) self identity, 4) work and 5) personal data. As the young first generation constitutes a good part of the elite population who emigrated overseas, it would be important to assess their needs and future contributions to both Taiwan and Australia. Government policies geared towards migrants need to include both young and old generations of migrants as well as those who returned