Project on Constructing the History of Taiwanese Opera (Ⅱ)－ A Research of Taiwanese Opera Troupes in the Japanese colonial Period

「日據時期歌仔戲劇團研究」是「台灣歌仔戲歷史建構計畫」的第二階 段計畫，本人預計以三年期限，完成「台灣歌仔戲劇團」研究。透過劇團資 料的建立，試圖回溯過去的「演員」、「劇目」、「組織營運」和「劇場」，從 而建構戲劇發展的「歷史」。 92 年度，本人選擇以「戰後初期」（案：時間定於1945 二次大戰結束到 1961 年電視開播前）的歌仔戲劇團研究做為起點。係因「戰後初期」是台 灣歌仔戲的黃金時代，目前在世知名中、老年藝人，多為「戰後初期」歌仔 戲劇壇菁英，尚能詳述彼時情狀。為了從老藝人不斷的遽然凋零中爭取有限 訊息，第二階段選擇「日據時期」的歌仔戲劇團為對象。經過對「戰後初期」 歌仔戲工作者的採訪接觸，上溯其父母輩，追索「日據時期」劇場之情況。 研究「日據時期」歌仔戲劇團，相較於第一階段的「戰後初期」，除了 田野採訪工作，須仰賴更多的文獻資料。首先是當時的報章雜誌；其次是「日 據時期」的許多相關文獻。經過眾人的努力，部分文獻已獲得整理，較過去 易於掌握，但仍需耐心檢索判斷。 歌仔戲發展至今約百年。從「戲劇史」建構的角度來看，劇團資料的確 立和串連，是重建百年歌仔戲歷史場景的首要工作。比起其他古老的劇種， 此時追蹤歌仔戲劇團資料，並不算太晚。台灣歌仔戲的歷史，將可以在劇團 資料的重建下，落實在具體的實質上，而不只是學理的推演而已。 本計畫預計對第一階段部分歷史較悠久的團體，進行深入的回溯工作。 同時透過文獻建立新的探索目標。預計完成台灣「日據時期」歌仔戲劇團小 史、台灣「日據時期」歌仔戲重要人員資料，台灣「日據時期」的劇場發展 概況等，這些都是台灣歌仔戲歷史研究的重要工作，也是本人「台灣歌仔戲 歷史建構」的第二階段工作。Taiwanese opera has developed for about a century so far. From the viewpoint of composing “theater historiography”, establishing and joining the data of troupes is the primary job of reconstructing the one-hundred-year history of Taiwanese opera. Documents on the earliest troupes, which are slightly mentioned in only a few books and newspapers, have nearly vanished. Compared with other ancient types of drama, however, tracking the materials of Taiwanese opera at this time is still not too late. By establishing the data of the troupes, we can trace “the actor/actress”, “the repertoire”, “the organization and its management”, and “the theater”in the past, and thus construct the “history”of its development. The project is planned to complete the research of “Taiwanese opera troupes”in three years, beginning with “the initial postwar stage”, for it’s the golden age of Taiwanese opera, and most of the well-known senior artists are the elite of this period and can dilate on the theatrical conditions of the time. If we can command the troupes and theater of the initial postwar generation, we can also trace back to that of their parents, namely, the theater under the colonization of Japan, and can connect it with the subsequent development of the outdoor Taiwanese opera. The history of Taiwanese opera can therefore build on a substantial foundation instead of merely the speculation derived from theories. The objectives of the project are to accomplish the brief biography of Taiwanese opera troupes, the data of the related notabilities, and the contour of the theatrical development in the Japanese colonial Period, all of which are important tasks of historical research, and also the fundamental works of my constructing the history of Taiwanese opera