A Comparison Study of Teacher Education and Medical Education

教師是不是一項專業，一直是個爭議 不休的話題，但是醫師的專業性卻是無庸 置疑。長久以來，中外教育界多是從教育 的角度，思考提升教師的專業地位，但結 果卻不盡理想。既然醫師的專業性已廣為 社會大眾所認可，而且醫學教育在醫師專 業化的過程中扮演著重要角色，教師想要 走向專業化，何嘗不可以向醫師專業取 經，因此本研究以文件分析及訪談實習教 師及實習醫師各三十三位，比較醫師教育 與師資教育之異同。研究結果發現（一） 醫學教育學制採採單一模式培育，師資教 育採多元培育模式;（二）醫學教育修業年 限頗有共識，師資教育修業年限眾說紛 紜;（三）醫學教育課程修讀次序明確，並 採統整課程，師資培育課程沒有嚴格的先 後修讀次序，也不強調課程統整;（四）醫 學教育不宜太早分化，師資教育則可提早 分化;（五）醫學教育最近採取以問題為中 心、案例研討的小組討論教學法，師資教 育仍多採傳統式講授法;（六）醫學教育之 基礎醫學教師大都不具醫師資格，但臨床 醫師一定具備醫師資格，師資培育機構教 師多不具中小學教學經驗;（七）醫師的見 習與實習均在教學醫院，採漸進方式進 行，有理論與實務驗證的機會，教師的教 育實習在中小學現場進行，但教學實習則 不一定，理論與實務結合的機會有限;（八） 醫學生須經二次國家考試，方可取得醫師資格，師資生則是修完課程，經實習後， 自然取得合格教師資格;（九）醫學生未修 畢醫學教育課程不得取得醫師資格，不得 執業，師資生未修畢師資職前教育課程， 仍可以擔任代理代課教師;（十）醫師的專 業性受到廣泛肯定，教師的專業性則各方 意見紛歧。Educators have made great efforts to professionalize teaching, but schoolteachers have been at best regarded as semi-professional. Since medical doctors have long been treated professionals, this study attempts to make a comparison between medical education and teacher education and to find solutions to professionalizing teaching. Data sources include documents and interviews from 33 medical interns and 33 student teachers. The results show that (1) there is only one primary training model in medical education, while there are multiple ways of training teachers; (2) people tend to think that medical doctors need longer period of training, but school teachers do not necessarily need extended training time; (3) integration of basic sciences and clinical courses in medical education has been greatly emphasized, but the courses of educational foundations and practices in teacher education have always been separated; (4) medical students do not prefer early specialization in specific clinical areas, while student teachers seek specialty earlier in the field they will teach; (5) medical education uses problem-based instructional approach, but teacher education courses often adopts lecturing approach; (6) in medical education, the theoretical foundation of basic sciences faculty is complemented by clinical instructors, while in teacher education faculty in general practical experiences; (7) clerkship and internship of medical education are implemented in teaching hospitals, while those of teacher education is not necessarily carried out in school contexts ; (8)medical students have to pass two national exams to get a license, but student teachers can be certified without passing any national exams; (9)unlicensed doctors are illegal, while unlicensed substitute teachers are acceptable; (10) there is a unanimous consensus in the professional status of doctors, but opinions about teacher’s professional status are very divided