行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告:矽谷─新竹─上海的連結：全球化高科技生產網絡中的介面區域

本研究處理在全球化跨界生產的網絡經濟 體系中，不同的節點之間的連結，以及在 這連結中扮演中間接軌介面的區域角色的 經濟地理意義。跨界生產被理解為不同社 會經濟空間接合所產生的張力與調節過 程，因此產生了不同型態的經濟組織型態 與衍生的社會行為。特別是對於高科技跨 界投資而言，有關技術擴散、生產體系的 統理、不同社會文化下市場的佔有、以及 高科技勞動力市場的建構，都將是在這接 軌過程中，所產生必須解決克服的張力議 題。面對這些統理機制的議題，廠商一方 面可以利用所有權優勢加以克服，另一方 面則是嘗試策略性的在地化，藉以消弭不 同社會經濟空間接軌的緊張關係。其中， 在跨界投資的過程中，扮演介面角色位 置，也就是兼具資本或技術輸出地與接收 地兩者的社會經濟空間特性的第三空間。 本研究探討台灣新竹的高科技廠商，一方 面累積著過去二十年來與全球技術核心的 矽谷緊密連結的產業經驗，另一方面，又 可以利用與中國大陸在文化上的鄰近性降 低跨界生產的交易成本與進入障礙，因 此，可以巧妙扮演中介的角色。 研究發現，在全球流動空間中，一座連接 科技龍頭的矽谷經由台北─新竹科技區 域，再跨越海峽的資金與資訊的介面區域 正在形成。它具有了技術密集的社群型 態，並藉由吸取矽谷經驗並累積長達20 多 年知識基礎更加補足了自身的技術學習 (Hsu & Saxenian 2000)。此外，與海峽對岸 同文同種也使得台灣在跨界投資秋與開發 大陸市場相對的容易(Hsing 1998， Hsu 2002)。 有鑒於台灣高科技FDI 獲利的能 力與文化上所佔的優勢使得矽谷公司偏向 藉由台灣為踏板來前進大陸，這兩者對台 灣戰略優勢都是缺一不可的，而台北在 1990 年代也正朝向資訊導向與生產者服務 業作轉型。在此轉型中，台北-新竹科技走 廊已成為了與世界節點聯繫的一個在地化 的工業地域。This research aims to explore the possibilities and limitations of the role played by the interface region in the cross-border economic activities. In the globalizing economy, cross-border business network prevails and constitutes the channels to engender coupling/decoupling effect for each connecting regions. Interface is defined here as a hybrid space where two divergent social and geographical organizations collide and articulate to create the tensions and opportunities in the interconnected economic system. In other words, it is an organizational 2 field that engages the contrasting but overlapping socio-economic spaces. As Taiwan’s high technology industries grew by benefiting from the connection with the technology hub, Silicon Valley, it has extended the production networks to China, particularly Shanghai City and the neighboring regions, since late 1990s. In the cross-border networks, Taiwan’s high-tech firms take advantage of huge stock of business experiences, which was accumulated in the dense connection with Silicon Valley in more than two decades. At the same time, Hsinchu firms make the most of the cultural and language affinity to reduce transaction costs and entry barriers of doing business in China. In the sense, it plays well as the middleman in the triangle connection. The Taipei-Hsinchu corridor region transformed itself as the node of knowledge flow with the high technology hub, particularly Silicon Valley of California, through the channel of transnational technical communities. At the same time, the Region also played as the headquartering role in the extension of production chains which cross the Taiwan Strait to concentrate in the major coastal cities in Mainland China, such as Shanghai. In consequence, it led the Taipei-Hsinchu region to grow as the nodal city in the cross-border connections. However, numerous issues of governance had to be tackled down for the role to activate, including the solution of the conflict between Taipei City and other regions in Taiwan, the easing of political tension across the strait and the open flow of talent and capital to keep industrial upgrading. Otherwise, as the direct connection between Silicon Valley and China’s major cities such as Shanghai grew faster, the role of interface city would face the peril of crowding out, unless it kept upgrading in the functional role to serve the business networks