行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告:本土型輕鋼構低層建築外殼之節能綠建材開發與構法設計(I)

台灣地屬西太平洋亞熱帶季風氣候 區，悶熱之天氣條件使生長在溫室內之生 物，需大量依賴機械設備去調節溫度，所 以設計符合安全性、經濟性及室內氣候環 境控制之生物生產用構造物，可以提昇相 關生物品質。本研究運用STAAD-III結構軟 體，分析模擬雙層單斜式構造物之結構安 全性，並在結構安全前提下，進行經濟性 管徑勁度設計，以達到節省成本之效益。 構築單棟溫室時，最經濟性結構之應力分 擔為設計分配，外層骨架ψ3/4”內層骨架 ψ1”，單位面積用鋼量15.94 kg/㎡，單位 面積成本743 元/㎡，單位體積用鋼量 5.14 kg/m³，單位體積成本240 元/ m³為經 濟性設計。在熱收支模擬方面，以FLUENT 計算流體力學模式軟體，探討雙層單斜式 被覆溫室室內的熱流場及輻射熱量散佈狀 態，模擬單斜式溫室型態，對熱量流失及 維持室內常溫之探討。夏季雙層單斜式被 覆溫室，當出風口關閉時，室內熱量由兩 側開口直接流出，是最好之排熱方式，故 夏季節能最佳化模組為外壁PE 膜高 100~150cm 開口、內壁PE 膜高100~150cm 開口、出風口關閉之模組。當屋頂內外出 風口全開，對於冬季溫室室內空氣品質較 能有良好的空氣交換，室內維持良好空氣 氣流，故冬季節能最佳化模組為外壁PE 膜 關閉、內壁PE 膜高150~200cm 開口、出風 口全開啟之模組。Taiwan, geographically located at West Pacific subtropical monsoon-climate area is in hot weather condition and the bio-production in structure greenhouse needs tremendous mechanical equipments for adjusting their living temperature. Therefore, designing a productive building which in compliance with the criteria of security, economic, and indoor climate environmental control, may uplift farmer’s efficiency of conducting a relative creatures business. This research adopts〝STAAD-III〞structural analysis software to simulate double layers structure. In the premise of structural security, we implement the economic design to reach the cost orientation purpose. To constructing an single greenhouse, the most economic structure is the design of physical stress contribution : outer skeleton 3/4’’ , inner skeleton 1’’, the steel consuming quantity per unit measure is 5.14kg/ m³, the unit volume cost is NT＄240/ m³. In the aspect of heat flux,〝Fluent〞computational fluid dynamics model software to probe into double-layers shed cover greenhouse inner heat circulation and heat radiation status. By using such method to imitate monocline greenhouse model , the exploration of heat loss rate and maintaining the in-house temperature. In summer, Double-layers shed cover greenhouse, when an air vent was shut, the hot air flows out through both side outlets is the best way to drain out hot air. Thus, the most energy-saving optimization module in the summer is using outer wall PE film 100-150cm high , inner wall 100-150cm high, and outlet-off module. In winter, when an air vent was fully opened ,it offers better in house air quality and ventilation. Thus, the best module of energy-saving optimization in the winter is utilizing outer-wall PE film off , inner-wall film 150-200cm high and Outlet-On