Is agriculture off the hook in the EU's 2030 Climate Policy?

EU climate policy and AFOLU: Overall 2030 level of ambition agreed by European Council October 2014; Commission ESR proposal July 2016 – sharing of effort in NETS across MS plus trading mechanisms; Commission LULUCF proposal – integration of LULUCF into climate policy; AFOLU mitigation pursued through CAP as well as flanking environmental policies; No specific EU targets for agricultural mitigation in NETS; Ultimately, how AFOLU mitigation is pursued will depend on MS decisions ; Implications of EU bubble: Commission has put in place trading mechanisms in NETS sectors to ensure least-cost fulfilment of overall EU targets; Challenge of MS ESR targets also depends on use MS make of trading mechanisms; MS have not to date made use of these mechanisms and prefer to meet targets domestically; A number of MS have domestic targets in addition to EU targets; ESR IA looked at adding central information site, central market place for AEA transfers or mandatory auctioning; Links with annual monitoring and 5-year legal compliance checks (2027 and 2032