Motivation and Thesis Structure Transcriptional Regulation Gene regulation deals with the processes, that enable an organism to create a large variety of cells and cell states from the same genome. A cell uses different genes under divergent conditions, for example in two phases of the cell cycle. In metazoan organisms completely different cell types, like a liver and a brain cell, are encoded in the same genome. However, the set of genes needed in both cases differs. A crucial step at which a cell regulates the production of proteins and other gene products is transcriptional regulation. The molecular machinery that transcribes the gene assembles at the transcriptional start site, the point from where an RNA copy of the gene is transcribed...