The main objective of this thesis is to develop a practical, geology- and rock physics-oriented approach to constructing anisotropic velocity model for unconventional reservoirs using downhole microseismic datasets. The working procedure of the approach starts by addressing the geological sources of anisotropy. A priori knowledge of anisotropy is obtained by integrating geological information and rock physics studies. The prior knowledge serves as constraint on the microseismic inversion. The anisotropic velocity model obtained by the approach can reflect the heterogeneity of anisotropic parameters and cover the anisotropic symmetries of most importance in seismic exploration and reservoir characterization. The optimal anisotropic velocity ...