Prisoners resocialization under the supervision of the probation service

Najtežje obdobje za obsojenca je obdobje pred - odpustne faze, ki mu povzroča občutek negotovosti pred zunanjim okoljem, saj ne ve kako ga bo zaradi storjenega kaznivega dejanja, kljub prestani kazni, družba ponovno sprejela, hkrati pa se zaveda, da je vse bližje težko pričakovani svobodi. Sama pot do svobode je dolga, zato se postopek resocializacije obsojenca začne že na samem začetku, torej v predkazenskem postopku, še preden nastopi kazen in se potem nadaljuje tako med prestajanjem kazni kot po prestani kazni v obliki postpenalne pomoči. V celoten postopek resocializacije so vključeni različni strokovni profili: psihologi, sociologi, delovni pedagogi, svetovalci in razne institucije, kot so zdravstvene ustanove in centri za socialno delo. Vsak od naštetih strokovnjakov je imel svojo dolžnost in nalogo, da obsojenca lažje pripravi na življenje v zunanjem okolju v skladu z družbenimi normami in ga hkrati odvrne od povratništva. Skozi celoten postopek strokovne obravnave obsojencev ima zelo pomembno vlogo center za socialno delo. Za resocializacijo obsojencev, ki so obsojeni na pogojne kazni z varstvenim nadzorstvom in tiste, ki bodo kazen odslužili z alternativnimi oblikami kazenskih sankcij izven zaporov, pa v celoti skrbi probacijska služba. Da smo lažje spoznali delovanje in naloge probacijske službe, ki je predmet zaključne naloge, smo v prvem delu kot predmet preučevanja vzeli pod drobnogled postopek resocializacije obsojenca v posameznih fazah strokovne obravnave, nato pa smo preučili probacijo. Ugotovili smo, da je slovenska zakonodaja predhodno že omogočala prestajanje zapornih kazni, vendar ni poznala centralizirane in profesionalne službe, ki skrbi za resocializacijo oseb ki so obsojene na pogojne kazni z varstvenim nadzorstvom in za tiste, ki bodo kazen odslužili z alternativnimi oblikami kazenskih sankcij, kot jo poznajo v tujini. Država je želela z ustanovitvijo probacije doseči vzpostavitev pozitivnih odnosov s storilci in s tem posledično zmanjšati ponovitev kaznivih dejanj, celostno obravnavo obsojene osebe in zmanjšanje prezasedenosti zaporov.The most difficult period for the convict is the period before his release, which causes feelings of insecurity regarding the outside environment as they are unsure of how society will receive them, despite the fact their therm has been served. At the same time the convict is aware that long-awaited freedom is finally within reach. The way towards freedom in long therefore the procedure of resocialization of the convict in fact starts at the very beginning, so in the phase of conviction, before their incarceration and continues throughout incarceration and after their release in the form of post-penal help. Various experts are included in the process of resocialization: pshychologists, social workers, work therapists, councillors and various institutions, such as health-care providers and social welfare centres. Each of these specialists has a special task of preparing the convict for life in society in accordance to social norms and at the same time to prevent reoffending. Throughout the process of engaging with convicts, the center of social welfare plays a very important role. The resocialization of convicts, who are serving probational sentences, or those who will serve their sentences with alternative forms of sanctions, which take place outside correctional facilities, is supervised by the probation service. In order to get to know the work and the tasks performed by the probation service, which is the subject of this paper, we took a detailed look at the resocialization of convicts in various stages of procedure in the first part of the paper and then we directed our attention towards probation. We have determined that the Slovene legislation did in fact make provisions for alternative sentencing, however there was no centralised professional service, which would deal with the resocialization of convicts serving such probational or alternative sentences, similar to the services abroad. By forming the probation service, the state wished to establish a positive relationship with offenders and the decrease instances of reoffending, a holistic approach of working with convicts and consequently also reduce the problem of overcrowding in prisons