International audienceA preventive excavation near Montpellier (Hérault, France) yielded two cellars from the Neolithic period (Ferrières culture, ± 3000 BC). One of these (St.1) has a rounded plan, the other (St 2) an elongated plan with an absidial chevet. Both are equipped with limestone slabs and have an access step structure towards the upper slope. These accesses, which were strengthened by large slabs, have been severely eroded by gullies, raising questions concerning the effectiveness of these buildings for food storage, or their function. The longest cellar (St.2) yielded a trench dug from the ground at the bottom of the access. Based on regional comparisons, we hypothesize that it could have been a sump for the temporary retention...