Moral development of individual and his values

V diplomski nalogi smo raziskali področje vrednot in moralnega razvoja posameznika. Najprej smo opredelili temeljne pojme, kot so morala, moralne norme, vrednote in vest. Še posebej smo se poglobili v izvor in pomen morale, kjer smo ugotovili, da morala zajema celotno človekovo življenje. Nato smo se osredotočili na razvoj moralnosti, kjer smo ugotovili, da se teorije med seboj razlikujejo. Predstavili smo psihoanalitični pogled in kognitivno teorijo. Stičišče obeh omenjenih predstavlja pomembnost obdobja otroštva in vzgoje. Od tega je odvisno moralno dejanje, ki se posledično razvije ali ne. Temu smo namenili naslednje poglavje in ugotovili, da se človekovo svobodno moralno dejanje povezuje z odgovornostjo in posameznikovim subjektivnim ozadjem. V drugem delu diplomske naloge v ospredje postavimo oblikovanje vrednot. Pregledamo kako so se vrednote razvijale skozi čas in življenje. Vrednote obsegajo vse, kar našemu življenju daje smisel. Zadevajo kulturno in duhovno rast, ustvarjanje, upanje, vero in ljubezen. Pregledamo vrednote v filozofiji in psihologiji. Predstavimo Muskovo klasifikacijo vrednot, od antičnih časov, pa vse do danes. Raziskujemo krizo vrednot, ki jo opišemo v poglavjih vrednote proti potrebam, vrednote proti vrednotam in vrednote nove dobe. Povzamemo tudi hierarhični model vrednot po Musku, kjer vrednote razdeli na dve večji skupini: dionizične in apolonske. Drugi del zaključimo s primeri vrednot, kot so prijateljstvo, delo, vztrajnost, odgovornost, samodisciplina, poštenost, sočutje, zvestoba, vera ter zakon in družina. Na naši poti raziskovanja so bili pomembni doprinosi avtorjev iz različnih področji, in sicer psihologije, psihoanalize, sociologije, filozofije in (moralne) teologije. Tema je pomembna tako iz vidika posameznika, kot tudi iz vidika družbe. Moralne vrednote namreč predstavljajo temeljne posameznikove motive in so hkrati temelj stabilne družbe. Naše delo lahko povzamemo z na začetku omenjenim citatom Friedricha Schillerja: »Moralno izgrajen človek, in samo ta, je povsem svoboden.«In diploma thesis, we investigated the field of values and moral development of an individual. First, we defined the basic concepts, such as morality, moral norms, values and conscience. In particular, we went into details about origin and importance of morality, where we have found out, that it covers the entire human life. Then we focused on the development of morality, where we came to conclusion that theories differ from one another. We presented a psychoanalytic view and cognitive theory. The point of contact of both mentioned is the importance of childhood and upbringing. Of this, the moral act depends on and subsequently develops or not. We devoted more about this in the next chapter and found out that we can link man\u27s free moral act to the responsibility and individual\u27s subjective background. We devote second part of the diploma to question, how values are shaped. We review how values evolve over time and through life. Values include everything that makes our life meaningful. They cover both cultural and spiritual growth also creativity, hope, faith and love. Next, we present values in philosophy and psychology. We present Musk’s classification of values from ancient times to present. We go through crisis of values that we describe in chapters of value against needs, values against values and values of the new era. We also refer to a hierarchical model of values defined by Musk, in which he divided the values into two major groups: dionysian and apollonian values. We conclude second part of diploma with examples of following values: friendship, work, perseverance, responsibility, self-discipline, honesty, compassion, loyalty, faith, law and family. In our research, we included contributions from various fields, such as psychology, psychoanalysis, sociology, philosophy and (moral) theology. Theme itself is important both from the perspective of the individual as well as from the point of society. Moral values represent basic motives of individual and are at the same time foundation of a stable society. In the end, we can summarize our work with the quotation from Friedrich Schiller: "A morally constructed man and he alone, is completely free.