Internet and Smartphone Addiction and their correlates among students

Istraţivanje je provedeno kako bi se ispitale ovisnosti o internetu i pametnim telefonima među studentima, te kako bismo saznali postoje li povezanosti demografskih karakteristika (dob i spol), HEXACO dimenzija ličnosti, samopoštovanja i usamljenosti s ovisnosti o internetu i ovisnosti o pametnim telefonima. Osim toga, htjeli smo ustanoviti i mogu li se te ovisnosti predviđati na osnovi navedenih korelata. U istraživanju je sudjelovao 241 student: 85 muškog i 156 ženskog spola. Sudionici su ispunjavali online upitnik s Upitnikom općih podataka, Upitnikom ovisnosti o internetu (IAT), Upitnikom ovisnosti o pametnim telefonima, HEXACO-60 inventarom ličnosti, Skalom usamljenosti (R–UCLA) te Skalom samosviđanja i samokompetentnosti (SLSC-R). Ispitanici su regrutirani online, preko društvenih mreža i stranica fakulteta. Rezultati su pokazali da je 40% studenata ovisno o internetu, te je utvrđena značajna povezanost ovisnosti o internetu i ovisnosti o pametnim telefonima. Također, utvrđeno je da studenti niže razine poniznosti-poštenja, ekstraverzije, savjesnosti i samopoštovanja te više razine usamljenosti postižu više rezultate na skali ovisnosti o internetu. Studenti s višim rezultatima na skali ovisnosti o pametnim telefonima imali su niže rezultate na mjerama poniznosti-poštenja, savjesnosti i samopoštovanja, te više rezultate na mjeri emocionalnosti. Nadalje, utvrđeno je da u predviđanju ovisnosti o internetu na osnovi odabranih varijabli (osobina ličnosti, usamljenosti i samopoštovanja), samostalan doprinos imaju dimenzije poniznost-poštenje i savjesnost. U predviđanju ovisnosti o pametnim telefonima značajan samostalan doprinos imaju osobine poniznost-poštenje, emocionalnost i savjesnost. Rezultati su djelomično u skladu s očekivanjima.The aim of this study was to determine levels of Internet and Smartphone Addiction among Croatian students. Also, we wanted to examine whether there were some significant correlations between Internet/Smartphone Addiction and demographic characteristics (sex and age), HEXACO personality dimensions, self-esteem and loneliness, as well as whether it is possible to predict these addictions based on stated correlates. There were 241 participants, of whom 85 were male and 156 female. The participants were completing an online form of a questionnaire, constructed out of General Data Questionnaire, Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Smartphone Addiction Questionnaire, HEXACO-60 personality inventory, Loneliness Scale (UCLA-R), and Self-Liking and Self-Competence Scale (SLSC-R). The participants were recruited online, on social media and on faculty online pages. The results showed that 40% of students were Internet addicted, and that there is positive correlation between Internet and Smartphone Addiction. Also, we found that students with higher levels of Internet addiction had lower levels of humility-honesty, extraversion, conscientiousness and self-esteem, and higher levels of loneliness. Additionally, students with higher levels of Smartphone Addiction had lower levels of humility-honesty, conscientiousness and self-esteem, as well as higher levels of emotionality. Further on, using multiple regression analysis we found that dimensions of humility-honesty and conscientiousness had significant contributions in predicting Internet Addiction, as well as did humility-honesty, emotionality and conscientiousness in Smartphone Addiction prediction. The results are partly in line with our expectations