Public perceptions and preferences of historical Persian Gardens in contemporary urban context

Historical Persian gardens are the first examples of Iranian green spaces that have established a complex relation with the cities and become one part of public spaces from 11th century until know which still being actively used by urban dwellers. This study is aimed at a better understanding of these gardens and their contributions in contemporary Iranian society. It examines four selected gardens based on residents‘ view in well-known historical cities of Iran namely: Tabriz, Isfahan, Shiraz, and Kerman. The study examined public‘ preferences based on their perception of visual and scenery effects in relation to the characteristics of gardens. The study adopted mixed method approaches. Data were collected through questionnaires (n=464), semi-structured interview (n=40), and visual observation techniques. Descriptive statistic and content analysis were used to analyze the data and triangulation underpinned the examination of the relationships. The findings suggested that naturalness, diversity and gardens‘ historical background and coherent motivate residents‘ frequent visits which lead in affording their social, psychological and physical needs. In this regards, natural features especially trees, (shady and tall matured ones) and water in streaming form as well as historical buildings that exist in the gardens not only create the gardens‘ beauty and attractiveness, they also contribute in constitution of gardens as a restorative place. Recreation is the frequent experience of users and followed by activities like family picnics and being with others that denote social contributions of the gardens as well. Current experiences also engaged users emotionally to the gardens, so that feelings such as calmness and tranquility, happiness, comfort, safety, freedom and even healthier were frequently mentioned by respondents while experiencing gardens. Also, residents involvements in the gardens and the multiplicity of experiences leads to creation of deeper meanings and values in distinguishing gardens and one that leads to a kind of functional and emotional attachment which evoke a sense of place and identity. In sum, fulfilment of social functions and psychological needs of users make these gardens valuable municipal resources for improvement of planning and designing of contemporary urban green spaces of Iran. Hence, gardens could be considered as bridging previous garden works with future green spaces designs to create a place for the self-discovery and relation of humankind with each other. It can be a place for being and living together in order to enhance people's physical, social, and cognitive functions and sense of attachment towards their towns and society which ensure society‘s‘ health status and wellbeing