Fluidised bed gasification and chemical exergy analysis of pelletised oil palm empty fruit bunches

The National Biomass Strategy was envisioned to foster the efficient valorisation and management of Oil Palm Waste (OPW) in Malaysia. However, the proposed Circular Energy Economy is hampered by poor OPW fuel properties, inefficient conversion techniques, and process design. This study explored the valorisation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) Briquettes through fluidised bed gasification with the aim of exploiting the superior qualities of pelletised biomass and excellent reactor dynamics of fluidised beds. Gasification of OPEFB Briquettes was examined from 600 - 800 °C and equivalence ratio, ER is 0.20 - 0.25 under atmospheric pressure. The fuel properties and chemical exergy of OPEFB briquettes were characterised. The gasification of OPEFB briquettes produced high biochar yield and bio syngas with higher heating value from 1.15 - 3.05 MJ/m3 whereas the Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) and Carbon Conversion Efficiency (CCE) ranged from 6.54 - 17.34% and 43.37 - 78.16 %. Bed agglomeration and defluidisation typically encountered in pulverised OPEFB gasification were minimal during the gasification of OPEFB briquettes. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that OPEFB Briquettes gasification is a practical route for valorising OPW into renewable energy and sustainable fuels