Prospective associations of maternal choline status with offspring body composition in the first five years of life in two larger mother-offspring cohorts: the Southampton Women's Survey cohort and the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort.

Background: Choline status has been positively associated with weight and fat mass in animal and human studies. As evidence examining maternal circulating choline concentrations and offspring body composition in human infants/children is lacking, we investigated this in two cohorts.Methods: Maternal choline concentrations were measured in the UK Southampton Women’s Survey (SWS; serum, n=985, 11 weeks’ gestation) and Singapore Growing Up Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO); n=955, 26-28 weeks’ gestation) mother-offspring cohorts. Offspring anthropometry was measured at birth and age up to 5 years. Body fat mass was determined using DXA at birth and age 4 years for SWS, and using air displacement plethysmography at birth and age 5 years for GUSTO. Linear regression analyses were performed adjusting for confounders.Results: In SWS, higher maternal choline concentrations were associated with higher neonatal total body fat mass [β=0.60 SD/5 µmol/L maternal choline (95% CI 0.04-1.16)] and higher subscapular skinfold thickness [β=0.55 mm/5 µmol/L (0.12-1.00)] at birth. In GUSTO, higher maternal choline concentrations were associated with higher neonatal BMI-for-age z-score [β=0.31 SD/5 µmol/L (0.10-0.51)], and higher triceps [β=0.38 mm/5 µmol/L (0.11-0.65)] and subscapular skinfold thicknesses [β=0.26 mm/5 µmol/L (0.01-0.50)] at birth. No consistent trends were observed between maternal choline and offspring gain in BMI, skinfold thicknesses, abdominal circumference, weight, length/height, and adiposity measures in later infancy and early childhood.Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that maternal circulating choline concentrations during pregnancy are positively associated with offspring BMI, skinfold thicknesses and adiposity at birth, but not with growth and adiposity through infancy and early childhood to ages 5 years.