Consultable en ligne : http://journals.openedition.org/ephaistos/1217International audienceFrom 1900-1940, the number of registered vehicles in the United States surged from around 8 000 to near 31 000 000 units. As a result, the spectres of bottleneck and fatal accident constantly haunted the American city over the 1920s. A number of actors of the time, ranging from grieved parents and local governments to insurance and automobile companies, while driven by different and often competing sets of interests and motivations, all shared the same concern about the new traffic situation and its effects; they agreed that serious efforts were needed in order to curb the urban scourges due to the advent of the automobile. An original science, traff...