「東洋の呼び声」 : 第二次中日戦争［日中戦争］（1937–1945）期におけるプロパガンダとしての英語圏の旅行記および観光

The outbreak of full-scale conflict between Japan and China in 1937 led to a proliferation of book-length reports of travel in the region by Anglophone authors. This essay analyzes a selection of travelogues that used Japan as a base from which to journey to wartime China. These texts/travels were often heavily mediated by official tourist agencies in Japan, who organized itineraries and guided travelers, and produced guidebooks, pamphlets, and posters that framed sites in specific ways, typically combining tropes of oriental exoticism and modernity. This use of international tourism as a form of propaganda intended to encourage more positive views of imperial Japan has been well documented, but detailed analyses of these travelogues allow both the success of this propaganda strategy, and the discursive reworkings demanded by new conditions of travel, to be more fully explored. This essay argues that Western orientalism is radically repurposed in many of these texts to support Japanese not European imperialism, presenting a benign, pacific image of Japan and empire as a convenient but exotic travel site, which either occludes or naturalizes the war in line with official propaganda aims. Though tourism’s reach as cultural diplomacy was ultimately limited by news of military operations in China, these texts nevertheless suggest its efficacy as a disciplinary tool, incorporating travelers into a Japanese nationalist vision of the second Sino-Japanese War and regional geopolitics