直系家族制度における離家(leaving home) : 19世紀後期南多摩地域の子女移動パターン

This paper investigates the pattern of leaving home in a stem family society in the late-nineteenth century Japan, using the South-Tama household register (2,057 households). With the use of life table analysis, the dynamic patterns of leaving home became clear. The process of leaving home starts after age 15 and reaches 50% at age 22 for daughters, when some 80% of the sons are still at home. A notable difference in the process is also found depending on the children\u27s position in the family. Although the exit of younger sons from home is slower than those of daughters, their risk of leaving home rises quickly, peaking at age 24. The age of leaving home was found to be earlier for children in households of low economic status. The main reason for this early departure from the parental home was service migration. But daughters in high economic status also left early for marriage. The analysis on social and geographic mobility among sons and daughters showed that more daughters than sons were often sent outside of the village via marriage and adoption. Migration for service children was mostly horizontal via adoption and marriage, followed by downward for adopted eldest sons. Thus the hold-and-release policy of the stem family was well at work. It was the eldest sons who were kept home and the remaining children who were launched to various social and geographic destinations