The allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia: analysis of 80 patients - Bone Marrow Transplantation Service - Hospital das Clínicas of the Medical School, University of São Paulo

Oitenta pacientes consecutivos portadores de Leucemia Mielóide Aguda (LMA) submetidos a transplante de medula óssea alogênico (TMO alo) e autogênico (TMO auto), foram selecionados entre 1989 e 2001. Quarenta por cento dos mesmos estavam vivos ao final do estudo; no TMO alo 37,9% e no TMO auto 45,4%. Fatores como sexo, classificação Franco-Americano-Britânica de LMA, tratamento de indução, número de células infundidas e regime de condicionamentos não tiveram significância estatística na sobrevida. Pacientes portadores de LMA M1 a M4 e que foram submetidos à consolidação com altas doses de arabinosídeo tiveram melhor sobrevida (p= 0,0148). Pacientes em 1º remissão completa se beneficiaram com TMO alo e auto, com uma sobrevida de 52,6% e 69,2% respectivamente. A presença de doença enxerto contra o hospedeiro (DECH) aguda teve impacto na sobrevida dos pacientes quando se comparou ausência de DECH aguda, grau I/II com III/IV (p= 0,0285). Infecção foi a causa de óbito mais freqüente no TMO alo. No TMO auto, a recidiva foi a principal causa de óbito. Morte por toxicidade relacionada ao procedimento ocorreu em 38,9% dos pacientes que morreram no TMO alo e em 16,7% no TMO auto. Na análise univariada de Cox para fatores prognósticos, tiveram significância a fase da doença e a DECH aguda, que perderam significância na análise multivariada (p=0,069).The patients records of eighty consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) submitted to allogeneic (allo BMT) and autologous (auto BMT) bone marrow transplantation (BMT) between 1989 and 2001 were assessed. Forty percent were alive in the end of the study; 37.9% of allogeneic patients and 45.4% of autologous. Factors such as gender, the French-American-British AML classification, induction treatment, number of infused cells and the conditioning regiment did not have any impact in survival. Patients with AML from M1 to M4, and who were consolidated with high doses of arabinoside had better a survival rate (p=0.0148). Patients in their first complete remission also had better survival both with allogeneic and autologous BMT, with respective survival rates of 52.6% and 69.2%. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) had an impact when it was compared the absence, grade I/II with III/IV giving a p-value of 0.0285. Infection was the most frequent cause of death in allogeneic BMT. In autologous BMT relapse was the principal cause of death. Toxicity related to the procedure occurred in 38.9% of patients who died in allogeneic BMT and 16.7% in autologous BMT. In univariant Cox analyses for prognostic factors, the disease status and acute GvHD were significant, but this significance was lost in the multiple variant analyses (p-value = 0.069)