GMAW welding optimization using genetic algorithms

This article explores the possibility of using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) as a method to decide near-optimal settings of a GMAW welding process. The problem was to choose the near-best values of three control variables (welding voltage, wire feed rate and welding speed) based on four quality responses (deposition efficiency, bead width, depth of penetration and reinforcement), inside a previous delimited experimental region. The search for the near-optimal was carried out step by step, with the GA predicting the next experiment based on the previous, and without the knowledge of the modeling equations between the inputs and outputs of the GMAW process. The GAs were able to locate near-optimum conditions, with a relatively small number of experiments. However, the optimization by GA technique requires a good setting of its own parameters, such as population size, number of generations, etc. Otherwise, there is a risk of an insufficient sweeping of the search space