Evaluation of Glucose Metabolism and Visceral Adiposity in Growth Hormone Deficient Adults

A síndrome da deficiência de hormônio de crescimento (DGH) no adulto e o conseqüente aumento no risco cardiovascular têm sido bastante estudados nos últimos anos. Com o objetivo de avaliar as alterações na composição corporal e a presença de resistência à insulina em adultos com DGH, estudamos 27 pacientes comparados a 27 indivíduos saudáveis pareados por idade, sexo e índice de massa corporal, através de tomografia computadorizada de abdômen para medida da gordura visceral e teste de tolerância oral à glicose (TTOG), com curva de glicose e insulina e estimativa da resistência à insulina pelo Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA). Observamos, nos pacientes, aumento do tecido adiposo visceral (p= 0,008) sem aumento da freqüência de alterações no TTOG. As glicemias e insulinemias basais e após 2 horas de sobrecarga oral de glicose e as áreas sob as curvas de glicose e insulina foram semelhantes ao grupo controle (p> 0,05). Não houve diferença na sensibilidade à insulina pelo método HOMA (p= 0,989). Houve correlação positiva significativa da medida de gordura visceral nos pacientes com as dosagens de glicemia (r= 0,583; p= 0,001) e insulina (r= 0,728; p= 0,001) após sobrecarga de glicose e as áreas sob a curvas de glicose (r= 0,403; p= 0,040) e insulina (r= 0,713; p= 0,001), porém sem correlação significativa nos controles (r< 0,40; p> 0,05). Em conclusão, não houve alteração significativa no metabolismo glicídico, apesar do aumento da adiposidade visceral observada em adultos DGH.Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) syndrome in adults and the resulting increased cardiovascular risk have been extensively studied in recent years. To evaluate body composition abnormalities and insulin resistance in GHD adults, we studied 27 patients using abdominal CT, considering glucose and insulin responses during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA). The group of patients was compared to a control group of 27 healthy individuals matched by age, gender and body mass index. GHD patients showed increase in the amount of visceral adipose tissue (p= 0.008). The frequency of abnormalities indicated by OGTT was similar to that found within the control group. Fasting and after-oral glucose load plasma glucose and insulin levels were similar to those identified within the control group (p>0.05). The areas under the glucose and insulin curves were also similar (p>0.05) and there were no differences in the insulin sensitivity measured by HOMA (p= 0.989). There was a strong positive correlation between increased visceral adipose tissue with after-oral glucose load plasma glucose (r= 0.58; p= 0.001) and insulin (r= 0.72; p= 0.001) levels and the areas under the glucose (r= 0.40; p= 0.040) and insulin (r= 0.71; p= 0.001) curves on the patient group, but not within the control group (r< 0.40; p>0.05). In conclusion, it was not observed any significant difference in glucose metabolism, despite the increased amount of visceral fat found in GHD patients