Dieta e mortalidade para os tipos mais freqüentes de câncer no Brasil: um estudo ecológico

A prospective ecological evaluation of mortality from common malignancies with dietary risk factors and alcohol consumption was carried out among 10 state capitals of Brazil. Regression analysis was used to examine the association of dietary intake with mortality rates of the most common cancers among adults age 30 years and older. Age-adjusted cancer mortality rates varied 2.4 to 3.3 fold across the state capitals. A positive relationship was observed between energy intake and colon, lung, and esophageal cancer (p<=0.02 for each). Colon cancer mortality was positively associated with consumption of total fat, eggs, alcohol, mate tea, cereals, and vegetables (p<=0.01). Lung cancer was positively associated with mate and cereal intake (p<0.05). Stomach cancer was associated with consumption of eggs (p=0.04); and negatively associated with consumption of high fiber foods, fruits, and vitamin A and C (p<=0.05). Esophageal cancer was positively associated with fat intake, mate and cereals (p<=0.05) and negatively associated with vitamin A (p=0.02); prostate cancer was negatively associated with vitamin C (p=0.007). Breast cancer was not associated with any of the factors studied. The marked variation in cancer mortality rates in Brazil may be partially related to the high variation in dietary components or other diet associated factors.Realizou-se um estudo ecológico com base em dados de 10 capitais brasileiras e, através de análise de regressão linear, examinou-se a associação entre dieta e as taxas de mortalidade para as principais localizações de câncer, entre adultos com 30 anos ou mais. As taxas de mortalidade ajustadas por idade variavam de 2,4 a 3,3 vezes entre as capitais. Consumo de energia associou-se positivamente com câncer de colon, pulmão e esôfago (p<=0,02 em cada associação). Mortalidade por câncer de colon associou-se positivamente com o consumo de gordura, ovos, álcool, mate, cereais e vegetais (p<=0,01); câncer de pulmão associou-se ao consumo de mate e cereais (p<0,05); câncer de estômago associou-se positivamente com ovos (p=0,04) e, negativamente, com o consumo de fibras, frutas e vitaminas A e C (p<=0,05). Câncer de esôfago foi positivamente associado com consumo de gordura e mate (p<=0,05) e, negativamente, com vitamina A (p=0,02); câncer de próstata associou-se negativamente com vitamina C (p=0,007). Câncer de mama não se associou a nenhum dos fatores estudados. A importante variação nas taxas de mortalidade por câncer no Brasil podem ser parcialmente associadas as variações em componentes da dieta ou a fatores a ela associados