Utvrđivanje prisutnosti pesticida u odabranom citrusnom voću

Cilj istraživanja Cilj ovog rada jest utvrditi prisutnost pesticida u citrusima dostupnih u slobodnoj prodaji u Republici Hrvatskoj te procijeniti postoji li opasnost od njihovog štetnog djelovanja na zdravlje čovjeka. Materijal i metode Za izradu eksperimentalnog dijela rada korišteno je citrusno voće, točnije, naranča, grejp i limun podrijetlom iz Republike Hrvatske te iz uvoza. Pojedini uzorci voća ispitivani su kao cijeli plod, ali i posebno njegova kora i meso samog ploda. Na taj način dobiveno je trideset uzoraka za analizu. Koristeći analitičku opremu namjenjenu identifikaciji i kvantifikaciji pesticida određena je količina pesticida u odabranim uzorcima citrusa. U ovom istraživanju primijenjena je kombinirana tehnika plinske kromatografija i spektrometrije masa (GC-MS/MS), a uzorci su analizirani na 185 aktivnih supstanci. Nakon kvantifikacije, utvrđeno je da li određena količina pesticida pronađena u analiziranim uzorcima može štetno djelovati na zdravlje ljudi te da li su navedeni proizvodi u skladu sa legislativama koje dopuštaju plasiranje određenog proizvoda na tržište. Rezultati Aktivne tvari identificirane u ispitivanim uzorcima su imazalil, propikonazol, ofenilfenol i klorpirifos. Identificirane razine aktivnih tvari u ispitivanim proizvodima nisu prekoračile maksimalnu razinu ostataka. Prvobitan plan bio je ispitati pesticide kojima se tretira citrusno voće nakon berbe, međutim analizama je utvrđeno i prisutstvo nekih pesticida koji se ne koriste u te namjene što dodatno daje sliku o korištenju pesticida u raznim fazama proizvodnje citrusnog voća. Zaključak Uzorci analizirani u ovom ispitivanju zdravstveno su ispravni, tj ne prelaze zakonski dozvoljene koncentracije ostataka pesticida u proizvodima te nemaju štetni utjecaj na ljudsko zdravlje.Objectives The aim of this paper is to determine the presence of pesticides in citrus fruits available in supermarkets in Croatia as well as to estimate the danger of harmful effects on human health. Material and Methods The practical part of this work consisted of testing citrus fruits - orange, grapefruit and lemon, originating from Croatia and imported. Some samples of fruits were tested as the whole fruits while their peel and pulp were tested separately. There were thirty samples for analysis. Using analytical equipment for identification and quantitative determination of pesticides, the quantity of pesticides in samples of particular citruses was defined. For this study the combined technics of gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used, and samples were analysed on 185 active substances. After the quantification was done, it was established if the concentrations of pesticides identified in analysed samples can have harmful effects on human health and if these products correspond to the legislative which approves placing particular products on the market. Results Active substances identified in analysed samples are imazalil, propiconazole, ophenylphenol and chlorpyrifos. Identified concentration of active substances in analysed products is not greater than maximum residue levels. The initial idea was to analyse pesticides which are used in postharvest treatment, but the results of analyses show the presence of some other pesticides which are used for other purposes. This is the evidence that pesticides are used in different stages of producing citrus fruits. Conclusion The samples analysed in this research are safe for health, which means that they don't exceed legally permitted maximum residue levels of pesticides in these products and there is no danger of harmful effects on human health