Physical Activity and Self-Assessment of Quality of Life in Adolescents and Children Without Proper Parental Care : Master's Thesis

Ovo istraživanje provedeno je da bi se utvrdile tjedne navike fizičkih aktivnosti kod djece adolescenata polaznika redovitih škola i kod djece bez odgovarajuće roditeljske skrbi (BORS) te ustanovile povezanosti između domena kvalitete života i domena fizičke aktivnosti. U ovom istraživanju sudjelovao je 91 sudionik (15.4±1.2 god.). Uzorak je podijeljen na dva poduzorka; prvu grupu čine učenici jedne srednje škole u Splitu (n=75), dok su u drugoj grupi štićenici Dječjeg doma za nezbrinutu djecu „Maestral” (n=16). Uzorak varijabli sastoji se od 9 varijabli, i to četiri domene kvalitete života upitnika World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) i pet domena za subjektivnu procjenu tjednih fizičkih aktivnosti upitnika The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Razlike među grupama testirane su MannWhitney U testom; samo u varijabli „lagana tjelesna aktivnost” dobivena je statistički značajna razlika (p=0.02). Spearmanova korelacija rangova korištena je kako bi se utvrdila povezanost između varijabli za samoprocjenu kvalitete života i tjednih fizičkih navika za ukupnom uzorku i za obe grupe posebno. Tako je intenzivna tjelesna aktivnost značajno povezana sa psihološkom (ρ=0,27), socijalnom (ρ=0,24) i okolinskom (ρ=0,23) kvalitetom života. Kod učenika srednje škole samo je okolinski aspekt kvalitete života povezan s umjerenom tjelesnom aktivnošću (ρ=0,29), a kod štićenika Dječjeg doma „Maestral” koeficijent korelacije je puno viši (ρ=0,55). Lagana tjelesna aktivnost je povezana sa subjektivnom procjenom kvalitete života samo kod učenika srednjih škola, i to s fizičkim aspektom kvalitete života (ρ=-0,27). Totalna fizička aktivnost povezana je sa psihološkim i okolinskim aspektom kvalitete života na ukupnom uzorku i kod srednjoškolaca, dok je kod učenika Dječjeg doma „Maestral” visoko značajno povezana sa socijalnim aspektom (ρ=0.58) i s okolinskim aspektom kvalitete života (ρ =0.62). Djeca BORS-a imaju sličnu količinu tjelesnih aktivnosti kao i ostala djeca, ali sport za njih ima i poseban značaj. Što se više bave sportom, zadovoljniji su socijalnom domenom kvalitete života. Rezultati istraživanja sugeriraju da su okolinski uvjeti važni i usko povezani s intenzivnim i umjerenim fizičkim aktivnostima, što znači da je potrebno toj djeci osigurati sve materijalne uvjete za bavljenje sportom, odnosno fizičkim aktivnostima.The aim of the study was to determine physical activity habits among adolescents who attend regular schools system and physical activity habits among children without parental care. The study aims to establish correlation between the quality of life domain and the physical activity domain. The sample consisted of 91 participants (age 15.4±1.2). The sample was divided in two subsamples: the fist group consisted of secondary school pupils in Split (n=75); the second group consisted of children without adequate parental care placed in home “Maestral” (n=16). The variable sample consisted of nine variables out of which four variables that questioned the quality of life by means of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire and five variables that questioned subjective assessment of weekly physical activities by means of The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Differences between groups were tested by Mann-Whitney U Test. Statistical significant difference was found only in the 'light physical activity' variable. Correlation among the quality of life self-assessment variable and weekly physical activity habits on total sample and for both groups separately was established by Spearman coefficient rank. Heavy physical activity intensity level significantly correlates with psychological quality of life (ρ=0,27), social quality of life (ρ=0,24) and sorroundings (ρ=0,23). Only the sorroundings aspect of life correlates with moderate physical acitivy intensity level among secondray school pupils (ρ=0,29), while the same coefficient is much higher among children placed in home “Maestral” (ρ=0,55). Light physical activy intensity level and individual quality of life self-assessment variable, among secondray school pupils, correlate with physical quality of life (ρ=-0,27). Total physical activity, psychological and surroundings aspect of quality of life correlation was established on total sample and among secondray school pupils, while among children placed in home “Maestral” it significantly correlates with social aspect (ρ=0.58) and surroundings aspect of quality of life (ρ=0.62). Children placed in home “Maestral” share similar amount of physical activities as the other pupils but sport for them has particular meaning. The more sports they do, the more satisfied-regarding the social domain of quality of life-they feel. The results suggest that surroundings conditions closely correlate with high and moderate physical activities intensity levels which leads us to the conclusion that all the necessary material conditions for children without adequate5 parental care should be assured so that they could be involved in sports, i.e., in physical activities