Influence of Parents on Nutrition and Dietary Habits of Children Age 7 Years

Istraživanje je imalo za cilj ispitati utjecaj roditelja na rizik za pretilost u djece starosti 7 godina. Provedeno je presječno opažajno istraživanje na 251 paru roditelj-dijete prilikom sistematskog pregleda za upis u 1. razred osnovne škole. Obuhvaćena su djeca s područja grada Osijeka koja su na sistematski pregled pristupila tijekom 2017. i 2018. godine. Status uhranjenosti djece (indeks tjelesne mase, BMI) je utvrđeno prema IOTF kriteriju. U odnosu na raniji period (2015.-2016. godine) došlo je do značajnog porasta broja pothranjene djece (21,51 %), pada broja djece s povećanom tjelesnom masom (7,97 %) i vrlo blagog porasta broja pretile djece (4,78 %). Očekivano, pretila djeca su u najvećem riziku od kardiovaskularnih komorbiditeta (promatrano kao kardiometabolički rizik, CMR i krvni tak). Djeca koje dulje spavaju imaju niži BMI. Tjelesna masa majke prije trudnoće je povezana s višim BMI-em djeteta, no BMI oca ima veći utjecaj na BMI djece. Zaposlenost i viši prihodi oba roditelja povezani su s nižim BMI-em djeteta i nižim CMR. Pušenje majke (p=0,037) i oca (p=0,019) je povezano s višim BMI-em djeteta. Potvrđeni neovisni čimbenici rizika su: dijastolički krvi tlak (sa svakim 1 mm Hg rizik raste za 11,9 %), pušenje majke (djeca majki koja ne puše imaju 68,8 % manji rizik), tjelesna masa majke prije trudnoće (rizik opada za 6,9 % za svaki kilogram manje), kratko vrijeme sna (44,6 % veći rizik) i broj zajedničkih obrok (rizik opada za 24,0 % s većim brojem obroka). Rezultati govore u prilog dosadašnjim saznanjima o rizicima za pretilost u djece i ističu ulogu oca.The aim was to determine parental influence on child obesity risk at the age of 7. Randomized observational study was conducted on 251 pair children-parents during medical examination for the first grade entry. Children from the area of Osijek city were included, during 2017 and 2018. Child's state of nourishment (Body Mass Index, BMI) was assessed according to the IOTF criteria. In comparison to the previous period (years 2015-2016) there was a significant increase of underweight children (21.51 %), drop in overweight children (7.97 %) and a slight increase in obese children (4.78 %). As expected, obese children have the highest risk of cardiovascular comorbidities (observed as cardiometabolic risk, CMR and blood pressure), but children who sleep longer have lover BMI. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight correlates with child's BMI, but paternal BMI has higher influence on child's BMI. Employment and higher income correlate with lower BMI and CMR of a child. Maternal (p=0.037) and paternal smoking (p=0.019) correlate with higher BMI. Confirmed independent risks for child overweight and obesity are: diastolic blood pressure (per each 1 mm Hg the risk increases by 11.9 %), maternal smoking (children who have non-smoking mothers have 68.8 % lower risk), pre-pregnancy weight (the risk drops by 6.9 % per each kg less), short sleep duration (44.6 % higher risk) and family meals (the risk drops by 24.0 % with more family meals). The results are in line with what we know so far on the risks for child obesity and emphasize father's role