Green procurement and its role in modern logistics

Globalna praksa pokazuje trend kako se mnoge organizacije u svijetu žele pozicionirati kao ekološki osvještene te nabavljaju proizvode i usluge koje su manje štetne za okoliš. Privatni i javni sektor žele implementirati obrasce koji će omogućiti što manji negativni utjecaj na okoliš tijekom poslovnog procesa. U cijelom tom procesu dolazi do izražaja upravljanje logističkim lancima tako da svaki sudionik lanca vodi računa o tome kako njegove akcije utječu na ostale sudionike i logistički lanac u cjelini. U privatnom sektoru zelena nabava mora pomiriti želju za što većim profitom i dugoročni pozitivni doprinos na društvo i prirodni okoliš. Kreće se od pretpostavke da će proizvođač pokazati odgovornost unutar svih procesa: nabave, načina distribucije, prodaje i odlaganja. Javni sektor putem zakonskih propisa uvjetuje postojanje kriterija ekonomski najpovoljnije ponude stoga je osim cijene, bitan dodatni kriterij koji određuje da nabava mora biti u određenom postotku zelena (električna energija proizvedena iz obnovljivih izvora energije, reciklirani uredski papir, izgradnja zgrada). Mjera između ekonomskih i ekoloških ciljeva u suvremenom poslovanju rezultirala je pojavom zelene nabave i zelenih potrošača. Ekološki odgovorni potrošači zahtjevaju od proizvođača odgovornost unutar svojih procesa, a odnosi se na nabavu materijala, proizvodnju, pakiranje, način distribucije, prodaju, način odlaganja te na cjelokupno društveno odgovorno ponašanje tvrtke. Uzimajući u obzir preferencije potrošača, inovacije konkurencije te zahtjevnu distribuciju dolazi do izražaja kompleksnost upravljanja poslovnim procesima kako bi se pronašla najbolja poslovna rješenja. Za implementaciju zelene nabave koriste se koraci za očuvanje ekološke održivosti: smanjeno iskorištavanje prirodnih resursa (reduce), ponovnoj upotrebi ambalaže (reuse), recikliranju otpada (recycle) koji nastaje u procesu proizvodnje. Zelena nabava ima veliku ulogu u modernoj poslovnoj logistici, a nastala je kao rezultat pridržavanja organizacija zakonskih propisa te osjetljivosti potrošača na probleme okoliša. Održivost zelene nabave određena je kroz prilagodljivost menadžmenta koji donosi odluke, kako bi se povećala svjesnost o korištenju i mogućnostima inovacije pojedinih proizvoda i usluga.Global practice shows a trend that many organizations in the world want to position themselves as environmentally conscious and purchase products and services that are less harmful for the environment. The private and public sector want to implement patterns that would allow the least negative impact on the environment during the business process. Throughout the process, logistic chain management comes to the fore, so every chain participant takes into account how its actions affect other participants and the logistics chain as a whole. In the private sector, green procurement must reconcile the desire for greater profit and long-term positive contribution to society and the natural environment. It is assumed that the manufacturer will take responsiblity for all the processes: procurement, modes of distribution, sales and disposal. The public sector, through legislation, conditions the existence of the criterion of the most economically advantageous tender, so besides the price, there is a substantial additional criterion which stipulates that procurement must be within a certain percentage of green (electricity produced from renewable energy sources, recycled office paper, construction of buildings). The measure between the economic and environmental objectives in the modern business has resulted in the emergence of green procurement and green consumers. Ecologically responsible consumers demand responsibility from manufacturers within their business processes, relating to the procurement of materials, production, packaging, method of distribution, sale, disposal practices and the overall corporate social responsibility. Taking into account consumer preferences, competitive innovations and demanding distribution, in order to find the best business solutions the complexity of business process management comes to the fore. To preserve the environmental sustainability the following steps are used for the implementation of green procurement: the reduce of the exploitation of natural resources (Reduce), the reuse of the packaging (Reuse) and the recycle of waste generated in the production process (Recycle). Green procurement has an important role in modern business logistics, and was created as a result of compliance of the organizations with legislation and consumer sensitivity to environmental issues. The sustainability of green procurement is determined through decision-making management adaptability, in order to increase awareness of the use and the possibilities of innovating individual products and services