Biofortification of soybean with zinc

Niska koncentracija cinka u tlima rezultira niskom koncentracijom toga elementa i u prehraniljudi i životnja. Kako je cink esencijalan element, njegov deficit nepovoljno utječe na organizam. S druge strane, kadmij je toksičan element bez esencijalnog i korisnog učinka, te je stoga poželjno da ga u konzumnim namirnicama bude što manje. Agronomska biofortifikacija rezultira povećanjem cinka u jestivim dijelovma biljaka,a time i većim količinama unosa cinka u ljudski organizam. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj folijarne aplikacije cinka na koncentraciju cinka i kadmija u biljnim dijelovima (osobito zrnu) pojedinih sorata soje. Biofortifikacijski pokus proveden je 2017. godine na 6 sorata soje (Korana, Sanda, Lucija, Toma, Sunce, Ika) različitih grupa zriobe (00I). Folijarna aplikacija cinka u obliku cink sulfata (5,489 kg/haZnSeO4×H2O) provedena je u fenofazi cvatnje soje. Biofortifikacija soje je značajno utjecala na koncentracije cinka u mahunama, stabljici i zrnu (povećanje 106%, 48,5%, odnosno 25%) te iznošenje cinka prinosom zrna (povećanje 34,75%). Tretman nije statistički značajno utjecao na koncentraciju kadmija u stabljici, mahunama i zrnu soje te njegovo iznošenje prinosom zrna, ali je utvrđeno malo smanjenje koncentracija u stabljici (23%), mahunama (31%) i zrnu (22,64%). Utvrđen je i statistički značajan utjecaj sorata na prinos te akumulaciju kadmija u biljnim dijelovima i njegovo iznošenje zrnom soje. Utjecaj sorata na koncentraciju cinka i njegovo iznošenje zrnom soje nije bilo statistički značajno. Rezultati navode na zaključak da se folijarnom aplikacijom cinka povećava njegova koncentracija u zrnu, mahunama i stabljici soje. Sorte soje ne razlikuju značajno po akumulaciji i iznošenju apliciranog cinka, ali se razlikuju po akumulaciji i iznošenju kadmija prinosom. Utvrđeni rezultati značajnog povećanja koncentracija Zn u zrnu soje agronomskom biofortifikacijom i istovremeno značajnih razlika između sorata soje u prinosu i koncentracijama kadmija u zrnu, ukazuju da se pažljivim izborom sorte i biofortifikacijom može proizvesti zrno soje visokih koncentracija cinka, istovremeno niskih kocentracija kadmija te dostatno visokih prinosa.Low Zn concentrations in soils result with low concentrations of this element in human and animal nutrition. Since zinc is an essential element, his deficit has an adversely affects at the organism. On the other side, cadmium is a toxic element without any essential and useful effect, and because of that is better that be as little as possible in consumed foodstuffs. Agronomic biofortification results with increasing Zn concentrations in edible parts of plants, and increasing intake of this element into the human organism. The aim of this experiment was been to determine the influence foliar application of zinc on the concentration of zinc and cadmium in plant parts (especially grain) some soybean types. Biofortification experiment was carried out in 2017 on 6 soya cultivars (Korana, Sanda, Lucija, Tom, Sun, Ika) with different lenght of vegecation (00-I). The foliar application of zinc, like zinc sulphate (5.489 kg ha1ZnSeO4 × H2O), was applied in flowering phenophase of soybean. Biofortification of soya was a statistically significant effected on the amount of zinc in pods, stems and grain (increase 106%, 48.5% and 25%) and his taken out with grain yield (34.75%). The treatment didn't statistically significantly affected on the amount of cadmium in stems,pods and soybean grain, and his taken out with grain yield, but there was a decrease; 23% in stems, 31% in pods and 22.64% in grain. Cultivars significantly affected on yield, accumulation of Cd in parts of plant, and his removal with soy bean. The influence of cultivars on zinc concentration and his taken out with yield wasn't been statistically significantly. The results suggest that foliar zinc application increases his concentration in grain, pods and stems of soya. Soya varieties are not significantly different in accumulation and taking out of the applied zinc, but are different in accumulation and taking out of cadmium with yield. The results of a significant increase Zn concentration in soybean grain by agronomic biofortification and at the same time significant differences between soya varieties in yield and concentrations of cadmium in the grain indicate that with careful selection of varieties and biofortification we can produce soya grain with high zinc,and at the same time low cadmium concentration, and sufficiently high yields